Perfil cognitivo lingüístico en usuarios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia
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Fecha
2017
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Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La Esquizofrenia es un trastorno psiquiátrico crónico que causa discapacidad en los usuarios que la
padecen, afectando el desarrollo psicológico, social, educacional y/o laboral de cada quién que sufre
esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil cognitivo-lingüístico de personas con diagnóstico de
esquizofrenia. Metodología: El estudio se llevó a cabo en las dependencias de la fundación Rostros
Nuevos y el Hogar de cristo, de la comuna de Estación Central, Santiago de Chile. Se realizó el
estudio de los perfiles cognitivo-lingüístico de personas con esquizofrenia las cuales sumaron un total
de 30 sujetos de los cuales el 60% fueron mujeres y el 40% hombres. Se estudiaron variables
cognitivas y lingüísticas a través de las pruebas del Test de MoCa y el Protocolo cognitivo Lingüístico
de Rafael González. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Resultados: La variables
observadas a nivel cognitivo fueron atención, funciones ejecutivas, memoria y orientación. A nivel
lingüístico fueron denominación, repetición, comprensión verbal, lectura oral, escritura, discurso,
abstracción verbal, absurdos verbales, resolución de problemas y raciocinio. De forma general se
observaron dificultades significativas en habilidades cognitivas de atención a través de las tareas de
cálculo básico. La memoria diferida es otra variable que mostró estar considerablemente reducida
afectando igualmente a ambos sexos al igual que en habilidades de visuoconstrucción en copia
tridimensional. En tareas de planificación y fluidez verbal también se encontraron rendimientos muy
reducidos, al igual que en ítems de memoria de trabajo, todas habilidades que mostraron rendimientos
deficientes en ambos sexos. Las variables lingüísticas demostraron un comportamiento más regular
pero de igual forma las habilidades de resolución de problemas y raciocinio demostraron déficit
significativo.
De forma general el rendimiento de los sujetos de sexo masculino fue significativamente superior al
de las mujeres. Por ejemplo, en los rendimientos cognitivos existe una diferencia de 3,41 puntos
favorable a los hombres de la muestra en estudio. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, los resultados obtenidos
en esta investigación evidencias de forma superficial las dificultades cognitivas-comunicativas de las
personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia pero que es necesario realizar estudios futuros que
contemplen el análisis de un número muestral superior y que incluya variables no abordadas por
nosotros como la escolaridad, la edad y los subtipos de esquizofrenia, así como la profundización del
estudio de los rendimientos más afectados.
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes disability in users who suffer from it, affecting the psychological, social, educational and / or work development of each person who suffers from this disease. Objective: to determine the cognitive-linguistic profile of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methodology: The study was carried out in the premises of the "Rostros Nuevos" Foundation and the "Hogar de Cristo", in the Central Station district from Santiago of Chile. The study of the cognitive-linguistic profiles of people with schizophrenia was carried out, which included a total of 30 subjects of which 60% were women and 40% men. Cognitive and linguistic variables were studied through the tests of the MoCa Test and the cognitive linguistic protocol of Rafael González. The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience. Results: The variables observed at the cognitive level were Attention, executive functions, memory and orientation. At linguistic level they were denomination, repetition, verbal comprehension, oral reading, writing, speech, verbal abstraction, verbal absurdities, problem solving and reasoning. In general, significant difficulties in cognitive attention skills were observed through the basic calculation tasks. Deferred memory is another variable that showed to be considerably reduced, affecting equally both genders as well as visuoconstruction skills in three-dimensional copy. In tasks of planning and verbal fluency, very low performances were also found, as well as in work memory items, all skills that showed deficient performances in both sexes. The linguistic variables showed a more regular behavior but in the same way the problem solving and reasoning skills showed a significant deficit. In general, the performance of male subjects was significantly higher than that of women. For example, in cognitive performance there is a difference of 3.41 points favorable to men in the sample under study. Conclusions: We conclude that the results obtained in this research evidences superficially the cognitive-communicative difficulties of people diagnosed with schizophrenia but that it is necessary to carry out future studies that contemplate the analysis of a superior number of samples and that include variables not addressed by us. such as schooling, age and the subtypes of schizophrenia, as well as the deepening of the study of the most affected performances.
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes disability in users who suffer from it, affecting the psychological, social, educational and / or work development of each person who suffers from this disease. Objective: to determine the cognitive-linguistic profile of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methodology: The study was carried out in the premises of the "Rostros Nuevos" Foundation and the "Hogar de Cristo", in the Central Station district from Santiago of Chile. The study of the cognitive-linguistic profiles of people with schizophrenia was carried out, which included a total of 30 subjects of which 60% were women and 40% men. Cognitive and linguistic variables were studied through the tests of the MoCa Test and the cognitive linguistic protocol of Rafael González. The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience. Results: The variables observed at the cognitive level were Attention, executive functions, memory and orientation. At linguistic level they were denomination, repetition, verbal comprehension, oral reading, writing, speech, verbal abstraction, verbal absurdities, problem solving and reasoning. In general, significant difficulties in cognitive attention skills were observed through the basic calculation tasks. Deferred memory is another variable that showed to be considerably reduced, affecting equally both genders as well as visuoconstruction skills in three-dimensional copy. In tasks of planning and verbal fluency, very low performances were also found, as well as in work memory items, all skills that showed deficient performances in both sexes. The linguistic variables showed a more regular behavior but in the same way the problem solving and reasoning skills showed a significant deficit. In general, the performance of male subjects was significantly higher than that of women. For example, in cognitive performance there is a difference of 3.41 points favorable to men in the sample under study. Conclusions: We conclude that the results obtained in this research evidences superficially the cognitive-communicative difficulties of people diagnosed with schizophrenia but that it is necessary to carry out future studies that contemplate the analysis of a superior number of samples and that include variables not addressed by us. such as schooling, age and the subtypes of schizophrenia, as well as the deepening of the study of the most affected performances.
Notas
Tesis (Fonoaudiólogo)
Palabras clave
Esquizofrénicos, Lenguaje