Uso de Clinoptilolita para la descontaminación de plomo en aguas, con potencial aplicación en la Bahía de Talcahuano y lagunas urbanas Concepción, Chile
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Fecha
2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La alta industrialización es un factor importante en la contaminación por metales
pesados en aguas continentales y marinas, siendo uno de estos elementos contaminantes el Plomo
(Pb). La creciente actividad antrópica e industrialización en la zona del Gran Concepción sugieren
que los cuerpos de agua de la bahía de Talcahuano y las lagunas ubicadas en Concepción podrían
estar contaminadas por Pb. Una de las soluciones para esta problemática es la remediación
mediante el uso de clinoptilolita, mineral perteneciente al grupo de las zeolitas. Por ello, el objetivo
de este trabajo fue poner a prueba mediante ensayos de laboratorio el potencial de la Clinoptilolita
en la remoción de Pb y determinar la concentración de este metal pesado en la Bahía de Talcahuano
y Lagunas urbanas del Gran Concepción, con el fin de evaluar un posible uso de la clinoptilolita
en la remoción de Plomo en el lugar de estudio. Para esto se realizaron 2 soluciones, cada una
contenía agua destilada, 10 ppm de Pb y 1 gramo de clinoptilolita en tamaño 250 micras y 1 mm
respectivamente. Estas se dejaron reaccionar durante 160 minutos y se extrajeron muestras a
distintos tiempos una vez iniciada la reacción. Por otra parte, las muestras de los cuerpos de agua
se tomaron siguiendo la Nch N°411 y los resultados se obtuvieron mediante EAA e ICP-MS.
La Clinoptilolita mostró una efectividad en la remoción de Plomo superior al 99% en ambos casos
y las concentraciones en las aguas de la zona no superan los umbrales impuestos por la legislación
chilena, lo que no haría necesario el empleo de la clinoptilolita en estos cuerpos de agua. Aun así,
su uso sería una alternativa altamente eficaz ante una eventual contaminación a futuro.
High industrialization is an important factor in heavy metal pollution in inland and marine waters, one of these pollutants being lead (Pb). The increasing anthropic activity and industrialization in the Greater Concepción area suggest that the water bodies of the Talcahuano Bay and the lagoons located in Concepción could be contaminated by Pb. One of the solutions to this problem is the remediation through the use of clinoptilolite, a mineral belonging to the zeolite group. Therefore, the objective of this work was to test through laboratory tests the potential of clinoptilolite in the removal of Pb and to determine the concentration of this heavy metal in the Talcahuano Bay and urban lagoons of Gran Concepción, in order to evaluate a possible use of clinoptilolite in the removal of lead in the study site. Two solutions were made, each containing distilled water, 10 ppm of Pb and 1 gram of clinoptilolite in 250 microns and 1 mm size, respectively. These were left to react for 160 minutes and samples were extracted at different times once the reaction started. On the other hand, the samples from the water bodies were taken following Nch N°411 and the results were obtained by EAA and ICP-MS. Clinoptilolite showed an effectiveness in the removal of Lead higher than 99% in both cases and the concentrations in the waters of the area do not exceed the thresholds imposed by Chilean legislation, which would not make it necessary to use clinoptilolite in these water bodies. Even so, its use would be a highly effective alternative in the event of future contamination.
High industrialization is an important factor in heavy metal pollution in inland and marine waters, one of these pollutants being lead (Pb). The increasing anthropic activity and industrialization in the Greater Concepción area suggest that the water bodies of the Talcahuano Bay and the lagoons located in Concepción could be contaminated by Pb. One of the solutions to this problem is the remediation through the use of clinoptilolite, a mineral belonging to the zeolite group. Therefore, the objective of this work was to test through laboratory tests the potential of clinoptilolite in the removal of Pb and to determine the concentration of this heavy metal in the Talcahuano Bay and urban lagoons of Gran Concepción, in order to evaluate a possible use of clinoptilolite in the removal of lead in the study site. Two solutions were made, each containing distilled water, 10 ppm of Pb and 1 gram of clinoptilolite in 250 microns and 1 mm size, respectively. These were left to react for 160 minutes and samples were extracted at different times once the reaction started. On the other hand, the samples from the water bodies were taken following Nch N°411 and the results were obtained by EAA and ICP-MS. Clinoptilolite showed an effectiveness in the removal of Lead higher than 99% in both cases and the concentrations in the waters of the area do not exceed the thresholds imposed by Chilean legislation, which would not make it necessary to use clinoptilolite in these water bodies. Even so, its use would be a highly effective alternative in the event of future contamination.
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Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Plomo, Aspectos Ambientales, Contaminación del Agua, Chile, Concepción