Estudio de metodologías para el control de vibraciones en edificios de madera contralaminada
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Date
2021
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Abstract
La madera contralaminada o CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) es un panel de grandes
dimensiones de madera maciza utilizados para construcción. Se compone de capas
traslapadas perpendiculares (en forma de cruz). Actualmente en Chile el sistema
constructivo de paneles de madera contralaminada (CLT), está surgiendo como una
alternativa para alcanzar una construcción sustentable. Se le ha denominado el
“Hormigón del futuro”, el cual se fabrica con una alta tecnología. Una de sus ventajas, en
comparación con el hormigón tradicional, es su bajo peso. Adicionalmente, como es de
fácil montaje debido a su prefabricación, es sustentable y amigable con el medio
ambiente. La ventaja del material más ligero de la madera sobre el hormigón se convierte
en una desventaja, porque para una frecuencia natural más baja es ventajoso el uso de
un material con mayor masa. Dado que las estructuras de CLT de mediana altura son
rígidas, el cálculo de las vibraciones tiende a ser determinante al momento previo de la
construcción. Una de las fuentes de vibraciones más común en los sistemas de piso, es
el tránsito de personas. Al caminar, los individuos inducen cargas verticales,
transversales y longitudinales al sistema de piso por el cual transitan, siendo la
componente vertical la de mayor relevancia para el estudio de diafragmas de piso.
El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una metodología para Chile que permita controlar
los efectos de vibraciones por tránsito peatonal. Lo anterior, utilizando como base entre
otros; el estudio de las distintas metodologías existentes, normas internacionales,
informes realizados en el extranjero, entre otros, donde finalmente serán comparadas
entre sí, para así proponer un método simplificado en base a los resultados obtenido.
Cross-laminated timber or CLT is a large-dimension solid wood panel used for construction. It is made up of perpendicular overlapping layers (cross-shaped). Currently in Chile the construction system of cross laminated wood panels (CLT) is emerging as an alternative to achieve sustainable construction. It has been called the “Concrete of the future”, which is manufactured with high technology. One of its advantages, compared to traditional concrete, is its low weight. Additionally, as it is easy to assemble due to its prefabrication, it is sustainable and friendly to the environment. The advantage of the lighter material of wood over concrete becomes a disadvantage, because for a lower natural frequency it is advantageous to use a material with a higher mass. Since mid-rise CLT structures are rigid, the vibration calculation tends to be critical prior to construction. One of the most common sources of vibrations in floor systems is the transit of people. When walking, individuals induce vertical, transverse and longitudinal loads to the floor system through which they walk, being the vertical component the most relevant for the study of floor diaphragms. The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for Chile that allows controlling the effects of vibrations due to pedestrian traffic. The above, using as a basis among others; the study of the different existing methodologies, international standards, reports made abroad, among others, where they will finally be compared with each other, in order to propose a simplified method based on the results obtained.
Cross-laminated timber or CLT is a large-dimension solid wood panel used for construction. It is made up of perpendicular overlapping layers (cross-shaped). Currently in Chile the construction system of cross laminated wood panels (CLT) is emerging as an alternative to achieve sustainable construction. It has been called the “Concrete of the future”, which is manufactured with high technology. One of its advantages, compared to traditional concrete, is its low weight. Additionally, as it is easy to assemble due to its prefabrication, it is sustainable and friendly to the environment. The advantage of the lighter material of wood over concrete becomes a disadvantage, because for a lower natural frequency it is advantageous to use a material with a higher mass. Since mid-rise CLT structures are rigid, the vibration calculation tends to be critical prior to construction. One of the most common sources of vibrations in floor systems is the transit of people. When walking, individuals induce vertical, transverse and longitudinal loads to the floor system through which they walk, being the vertical component the most relevant for the study of floor diaphragms. The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for Chile that allows controlling the effects of vibrations due to pedestrian traffic. The above, using as a basis among others; the study of the different existing methodologies, international standards, reports made abroad, among others, where they will finally be compared with each other, in order to propose a simplified method based on the results obtained.
item.page.dc.description
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil)
Keywords
Vibraciones, Construcciones de Madera