Caracterización de extractos de Luma apiculata (OC) Buret de Chiloé con efecto antibacteriano sobre cepas de relevancia clínica
No hay miniatura disponible
Archivos
Fecha
2019
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Las infecciones nosocomiales provocadas por bacterias son uno de los principales problemas de la salud pública. Además, la resistencia a antibióticos por parte de estas bacterias hace necesaria la búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos para combatirlas. Luma apiculata o Arrayán de palo colorado es un árbol perenne endémico de Chile, del cual se conocen sus características morfológicas y su utilización por el pueblo Mapuche como antiséptico y antiinflamatorio. Sin embargo, se
desconoce la composición química que le otorga la actividad antibacteriana contra infecciones nosocomiales provocadas por bacterias. En el presente trabajo, se propuso como objetivo caracterizar los metabolitos secundarios de Luma apicu/ata con efecto antibacteriano sobre bacterias que producen enfermedades nosocomiales. Para ello se realizó una maceración con polaridad ascendentes (Hexano, Diclorometano, Acetato de etilo, Metano!, Etanol y Agua) a temperatura ambiente con la finalidad de obtener extractos a partir de hojas, flores y ramas. Luego, se analizó la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos sobre las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus spp, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. Además, se realizó una curva de crecimiento con recuento de unidades formadoras de colonia para determinar su actividad biológica. Por último, para las fracciones purificadas que resultaron ser biológicamente activas, se utilizó espectroscopía infrarroja y resonancia magnética nuclear de protones para
determinar la composición química y estructural de los compuestos en presentes en dichas fracciones. Como resultado se obtuvo que, de los 18 extractos preparados, sólo el extracto de hojas preparado con hexano poseía un efecto antibacteriano contra las bacterias Gram positivo y negativo. Por otra parte, el extracto de hexano de flores tuvo efecto sólo en las bacterias Gram positivo, mientras que el resto de los extractos no fueron activos. Otro punto importante es que el extracto hexánico de hojas es más eficaz contra S.aureus, esto comparándolo con otras bacteriasdel mismo género como S.epidermidis y S.saprophyticus. Por otro lado, la curva de crecimiento y recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias sugiere que el extracto hexánico de hojas, posee
una actividad bacteriostática contra S.aureus. Finalmente, la determinación de la composición química y estructural de los compuestos en el extracto activo, por medio de espectroscopia infrarroja y resonancia magnética nuclear de protones, sugiere que el extracto activo estaría compuesto por una mezcla de alcanos.
The Nosocomial infections caused by bacteria are one of the main public health problems. Also, antibiotic resistance in these bacteria makes a search of new treatments necessary to fight them. Luma apiculata or Arrayán of Palo Colorado is an endemic perennial tree of Chile, which only its morphological characteristics and its use by the Mapuche culture as antiseptic and antiinflammatory is known; however, the chemical composition that confers its antibacterial activity against nosocomial infections caused by bacteria is unknown. In the present work, the objective to characterize the secondary metabolites of Luma apiculata with antibacterial effect against nosocomial infections caused by bacteria was proposed. For this, extracts were obtained at room temperature by successive extraction of L. apiculata leaves, flowers and branches, treated separately with solvents of ascending polarity (i.e. Hexane, Dichlorometane, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol, Methanol and Water). Then, the extracts' antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphy/ococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Moreover, a growth curve with colony forming unit count was carried out to determine its biological activity. Lastly, for the purified fractions that resulted to be biologically active, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine the chemical composition of the compounds present in that extracts. As results, it was found that from the 18 extracts prepared, only the hexane extract for leaves showed an antimicrobial effect against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the hexane extract of flowers had effect only against Gram positive bacteria, meanwhile the rest of the extracts did not show biological activity. Another important finding is that the hexane extract from leaves is more effective against S. aureus, as compared with other bacteria of the same genus such as S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. On the other hand, the growth curve and colony count suggest that the hexane extract of L. apiculata leaves has a bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus. Finally, the structural determination of the compounds present in the active extract by means of infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, suggests that the active extract would be composed of a mixture of alkanes.
The Nosocomial infections caused by bacteria are one of the main public health problems. Also, antibiotic resistance in these bacteria makes a search of new treatments necessary to fight them. Luma apiculata or Arrayán of Palo Colorado is an endemic perennial tree of Chile, which only its morphological characteristics and its use by the Mapuche culture as antiseptic and antiinflammatory is known; however, the chemical composition that confers its antibacterial activity against nosocomial infections caused by bacteria is unknown. In the present work, the objective to characterize the secondary metabolites of Luma apiculata with antibacterial effect against nosocomial infections caused by bacteria was proposed. For this, extracts were obtained at room temperature by successive extraction of L. apiculata leaves, flowers and branches, treated separately with solvents of ascending polarity (i.e. Hexane, Dichlorometane, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol, Methanol and Water). Then, the extracts' antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphy/ococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Moreover, a growth curve with colony forming unit count was carried out to determine its biological activity. Lastly, for the purified fractions that resulted to be biologically active, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine the chemical composition of the compounds present in that extracts. As results, it was found that from the 18 extracts prepared, only the hexane extract for leaves showed an antimicrobial effect against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the hexane extract of flowers had effect only against Gram positive bacteria, meanwhile the rest of the extracts did not show biological activity. Another important finding is that the hexane extract from leaves is more effective against S. aureus, as compared with other bacteria of the same genus such as S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. On the other hand, the growth curve and colony count suggest that the hexane extract of L. apiculata leaves has a bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus. Finally, the structural determination of the compounds present in the active extract by means of infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, suggests that the active extract would be composed of a mixture of alkanes.
Notas
Memoria de Título (Ingeniero en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Luma Apiculata, Infección Hospitalaria, Investigaciones