Identificar diferentes tecnologías y métodos de drenaje para evitar inundación mina
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2019
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En la presente tesis, se identificó y describió la alternativa más viable de procesos de descargue de sustancias hídricas con variadas características en su composición, encontradas en las labores minera. Este estudio permitiría reducir la problemática habitual en las compañías mineras en la gestión del drenaje del agua existente en el macizo rocoso, a través de los cuales, el equipo de ingeniería tiene la misión de captar, transportar y descargar hacia el entorno grandes flujos de agua retenidos en el interior del yacimiento mediante equipos especializados y hacerlo de tal manera que no se ocasionen daños directos al ecosistema, o en su caso, mitigarlos de acuerdo con la ley N° 19.300 la que vela por el cuidado del medio ambiente y sus recursos, Es por ello, que se entregan estrategias, para una correcta gestión, hacia el aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico.
Se conocieron las ventajas y desventajas de funcionamiento y rendimientos de las bombas sumergibles, bombas centrifugas terrestres, tubería flexible de acero de la marca FlexSteel y el equipo Dustboss, con la finalidad, de analizar la circunstancia, en la cual, se adaptará mejor para su utilización. Además, se plantea la problemática del drenaje acido de rocas, puesto que es, una complicación significativa en la industria minera, y al mismo tiempo, contar con la solución de mitigación, de una forma eficiente, mediante tecnología de control de los agentes corrosivos pasivas y activas.
Se compararon y se describieron los métodos de tratamiento de drenaje minero, en cual, se les clasificó como método de tratamiento activo y pasivo, este último, se caracteriza por no requerir el uso de insumos químicos y energía para funcionar, de este tratamiento se presentaron 2 tipos de humedales, aeróbico y anaeróbico, siendo utilizados en diferentes minas carboníferas en EEUU y en Portugal, obteniendo rendimientos relativamente buenos, además, son amigables con el medio ambiente, pero no muy efectivo en ambientes fríos. El tratamiento activo, se caracteriza por el uso de instalaciones con energía externa, insumos y mano de obra para operar. Además, se analizó la neutralización e hidrolisis y electro floculación, que son utilizadas en Codelco norte, obteniendo eficiencias cercanas al 99% y, por último, el intercambio iónico con resina selectiva, logrando recuperar valores metálicos y usados en RIO TINTO GROUP.
Por último, se realizaron pruebas de compatibilidad al polietileno de alta densidad de las tuberías flexibles FlexSteel para aplicaciones de ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), los resultados que se obtuvieron fueron sobresalientes, de acuerdo con, las exigencias de la norma ISO 23936-1, en tanto, no observando cambios significativos en las propiedades físicas, tales como: densidad, dureza Shore D y tracción.
In this thesis, the most viable alternative of processes of discharge of hydric substances with varied characteristics in their composition found in the mining works was identified and described. This study would reduce the usual problem in mining companies in the management of water drainage in the rock mass, through which the engineering team has the mission to capture, transport and discharge into the environment large flows of water retained inside the site by specialized teams and do so in a way that does not cause direct damage to the ecosystem, or where appropriate, mitigate them in accordance with the law N° 19.300 which ensures the care of the environment and its resources, That is why, strategies are given for a correct management, towards the use of water resources. The advantages, disadvantages, performance and performance of the submersible pumps, centrifugal land pumps, flexible steel pipe of the FlexSteel brand and the Dustboss equipment were known, with the purpose of analyzing the circumstance, in which, it will be better adapted for its utilization. In addition, the problem of acid rock drainage is considered, since it is a significant complication in the mining industry, and at the same time, have the mitigation solution, in an efficient way, through technology of control of passive corrosive agents and active. The mining drainage treatment methods were compared and described, in which, they were classified as an active and passive treatment method, the latter is characterized by not requiring the use of chemical inputs and energy to function, this treatment was presented 2 types of wetlands, aerobic and anaerobic, being used in different coal mines in the US and Portugal, obtaining relatively good yields, in addition, they are friendly to the environment, but not very effective in cold environments. The active treatment is characterized by the use of facilities with external energy, inputs and labor to operate. In addition, the neutralization and hydrolysis and electro flocculation were analyzed, which are used in Codelco Norte, obtaining efficiencies close to 99% and finally, the ion exchange with selective resin, managing to recover metallic values and used in RIO TINTO GROUP. Finally, high density polyethylene compatibility tests were carried out on flexible FlexSteel pipes for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) applications. The results obtained were outstanding, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 23936-1, in therefore, not observing significant changes in the physical properties, such as: density, Shore D hardness and traction.
In this thesis, the most viable alternative of processes of discharge of hydric substances with varied characteristics in their composition found in the mining works was identified and described. This study would reduce the usual problem in mining companies in the management of water drainage in the rock mass, through which the engineering team has the mission to capture, transport and discharge into the environment large flows of water retained inside the site by specialized teams and do so in a way that does not cause direct damage to the ecosystem, or where appropriate, mitigate them in accordance with the law N° 19.300 which ensures the care of the environment and its resources, That is why, strategies are given for a correct management, towards the use of water resources. The advantages, disadvantages, performance and performance of the submersible pumps, centrifugal land pumps, flexible steel pipe of the FlexSteel brand and the Dustboss equipment were known, with the purpose of analyzing the circumstance, in which, it will be better adapted for its utilization. In addition, the problem of acid rock drainage is considered, since it is a significant complication in the mining industry, and at the same time, have the mitigation solution, in an efficient way, through technology of control of passive corrosive agents and active. The mining drainage treatment methods were compared and described, in which, they were classified as an active and passive treatment method, the latter is characterized by not requiring the use of chemical inputs and energy to function, this treatment was presented 2 types of wetlands, aerobic and anaerobic, being used in different coal mines in the US and Portugal, obtaining relatively good yields, in addition, they are friendly to the environment, but not very effective in cold environments. The active treatment is characterized by the use of facilities with external energy, inputs and labor to operate. In addition, the neutralization and hydrolysis and electro flocculation were analyzed, which are used in Codelco Norte, obtaining efficiencies close to 99% and finally, the ion exchange with selective resin, managing to recover metallic values and used in RIO TINTO GROUP. Finally, high density polyethylene compatibility tests were carried out on flexible FlexSteel pipes for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) applications. The results obtained were outstanding, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 23936-1, in therefore, not observing significant changes in the physical properties, such as: density, Shore D hardness and traction.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Chile, Concepción, Región del Bío-Bío