Rol del fonoaudiólogo en la transición de género de personas trans. Revisión sistemática de tipo scoping
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Archivos
Fecha
2021
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La transición de género es el proceso que atraviesa una persona que
no se siente identificada con su género asignado al nacer, para poder confirmar su
concepción propia de identidad, con exterioridad, es decir, con cómo se define a sí
misma ante los demás. Este proceso puede incluir diferentes intervenciones, como lo
son cambios físicos y/o fisiológicos/hormonales. Uno de los aspectos que tendrá
mayor relevancia en cómo se presenta ante el resto es su voz, puesto que será su
principal medio de comunicación con su entorno. Cuando la voz de una persona trans
no logra representar su identidad, no solo representa un conflicto de identidad, sino
que también un conflicto social, comunicacional y hasta laboral, por lo que hay
quienes buscan someterse a intervenciones para modificar su voz. Uno de los
profesionales que puede lograr esta modificación de forma no invasiva, es el
fonoaudiólogo. Sin embargo, no se dispone de suficiente literatura que aborde la
intervención específica para esta población, por lo que el objetivo de esta
investigación es determinar el rol del fonoaudiólogo en la transición de género de
personas trans.
Metodología: Para esta revisión sistemática de tipo scoping, se seleccionaron en las
bases de datos Academic Search Ultimate, Medline, Pubmed, Redalyc, Science
Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science y Willey Online Library,
documentación publicada en español, inglés y portugués entre los años 2011 - 2021.
Resultados: Los textos seleccionados fueron 57, de los cuales 14 cumplieron con la
calidad metodológica que se incluirán en la síntesis cualitativa.
Conclusión: Falta información especializada en voces trans y los aspectos que
influyen, además de la frecuencia fundamental. No obstante, existe evidencia que
comprueba la efectividad de la terapia fonoaudiológica y plantea que el rol de este profesional abarca la intervención de disfonías, armonización de la voz respecto a
identidad, mejorar la seguridad y la confianza en el uso de la voz. Dicho esto, se debe
fomentar la participación de fonoaudiólogos en realidades trans.
Introduction: Gender transition is the process through which a person who does not feel identified with their gender assigned at birth goes through, in order to confirm their own conception of identity, with exteriority, that is, with how they present themselves to others. This process can include different interventions, such as physical and/or physiological/hormonal changes. One of the aspects that will be most relevant in how they present themselves to the rest is their voice, since it’s one of their main means of communication with their environment. When the voice of a trans person fails to represent their identity, it not only represents an identity conflict, but also a social, communicational and even work-related conflict, so there are those who seek to undergo interventions to modify their voice. One of the professionals who can achieve this modification in a non-invasive way is the speech therapist. However, there is not enough literature available that addresses the specific intervention for this population, so the objective of this research is to determine the role of the speech therapist in gender transition of transgender people. Methodology: For this systematic scoping-type review, the Academic Search Ultimate, Medline, Pubmed, Redalyc, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science and Willey Online Library databases were selected, documentation published in Spanish, English and Portuguese between the years 2011 - 2021. Results: The selected texts were 57, of which 14 met the methodological quality that will be included in the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: There is a lack of specialized information on trans voices and the aspects that influence in addition to the fundamental frequency. However, there is evidence that proves the effectiveness of speech therapy and suggests that the role of this professional includes the intervention of dysphonia, harmonization of the voice with respect to identity, improving security and confidence in the use of the voice. That said, the participation of speech therapists in trans realities should be encouraged.
Introduction: Gender transition is the process through which a person who does not feel identified with their gender assigned at birth goes through, in order to confirm their own conception of identity, with exteriority, that is, with how they present themselves to others. This process can include different interventions, such as physical and/or physiological/hormonal changes. One of the aspects that will be most relevant in how they present themselves to the rest is their voice, since it’s one of their main means of communication with their environment. When the voice of a trans person fails to represent their identity, it not only represents an identity conflict, but also a social, communicational and even work-related conflict, so there are those who seek to undergo interventions to modify their voice. One of the professionals who can achieve this modification in a non-invasive way is the speech therapist. However, there is not enough literature available that addresses the specific intervention for this population, so the objective of this research is to determine the role of the speech therapist in gender transition of transgender people. Methodology: For this systematic scoping-type review, the Academic Search Ultimate, Medline, Pubmed, Redalyc, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science and Willey Online Library databases were selected, documentation published in Spanish, English and Portuguese between the years 2011 - 2021. Results: The selected texts were 57, of which 14 met the methodological quality that will be included in the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: There is a lack of specialized information on trans voices and the aspects that influence in addition to the fundamental frequency. However, there is evidence that proves the effectiveness of speech therapy and suggests that the role of this professional includes the intervention of dysphonia, harmonization of the voice with respect to identity, improving security and confidence in the use of the voice. That said, the participation of speech therapists in trans realities should be encouraged.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Fonoaudiología)
Palabras clave
Identidad de Género, Aspectos Sociales, Personas transgénero, Fonoaudiólogos