Comparación diseños de P&T utilizando técnicas empíricas y software
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Fecha
2021
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Esta memoria de título fue realizada con los parámetros geológicos y geomecánicos de
mina El Dorado, la cual tiene como objetivo evaluar distintos tipos de diseños de
perforación y tronadura, en función de su fragmentación y los costos que estos conllevan,
con la finalidad de recomendar el diseño que presente una mejora técnica y económica
en las operaciones mineras, por otra parte, se estudiará la relación de los resultados de
las fragmentaciones obtenidas mediante una metodología empírica contra una numérica.
El distrito minero El Dorado, se encuentra ubicada en la región de Coquimbo, a 74 km al
sur de La Serena y 5 km al noroeste de la ciudad de Ovalle. En donde se encuentran
principalmente minerales de hierro, que son extraídos mediante una explotación a cielo
abierto. Es importante destacar que esta mina actualmente no se encuentra en
operación.
En el desarrollo de esta investigación, se aplicará una metodología dividida en etapas,
comenzando con la determinación del burden, según el modelo matemático planteado
por el Dr. Calvin J. Konya, para posteriormente, calcular los parámetros que permiten
diseñar la malla de perforación y tronadura (espaciamiento, sobreperforación, longitud
de perforación, taco, etc.) con la finalidad de comparar la fragmentación de la roca para
cada diseño, utilizando el software JKSimblast y la metodología planteada por Kuz-Ram.
Por consiguiente, se determinan los costos asociados para llevar a cabo las operaciones
de perforación y tronadura. Obtenidos los resultados para cada simulación, se identificó
que los diseños de 6” con los explosivos Anfo Aluminizado al 6% y el Anfo a granel,
entregan las mejores propuestas, tanto en costos (Anfo a granel) como en granulometría
(Anfo Aluminizado al 6%). Finalmente se elabora diferentes análisis de sensibilidad,
donde se puede apreciar cómo afecta la variación de las variables críticas para cada
diseño.
This thesis was carried out with the geological and geomechanical parameters of El Dorado mine, which aims to evaluate different types of drilling and blasting designs, depending on their fragmentation and the costs involved, in order to recommend the design that presents a technical and economic improvement in mining operations, on the other hand, the relationship of the results of the fragmentations obtained by an empirical methodology against a numerical one will be studied. The El Dorado mining district is located in the Coquimbo region, 74 km south of La Serena and 5 km northwest of the city of Ovalle. There are mainly iron ores, which are extracted by open pit mining. It is important to note that this mine is not currently in operation. In the development of this research, a methodology divided into stages will be applied, starting with the determination of the burden, according to the mathematical model proposed by Dr. Calvin J. Konya, to subsequently calculate the parameters that allow designing the drilling and blasting mesh (spacing, overdrilling, drilling length, block, etc.) in order to compare the fragmentation of the rock for each design, using the JKSimblast software and the methodology proposed by Kuz-Ram. Consequently, the associated costs to carry out the drilling and blasting operations are determined. After obtaining the results for each simulation, it was identified that the 6" designs with 6% Aluminized Anfo explosives and bulk Anfo, provide the best proposals, both in costs (bulk Anfo) and in granulometry (6% Aluminized Anfo). Finally, different sensitivity analyses are made, where it can be seen how the variation of the critical variables affects each design.
This thesis was carried out with the geological and geomechanical parameters of El Dorado mine, which aims to evaluate different types of drilling and blasting designs, depending on their fragmentation and the costs involved, in order to recommend the design that presents a technical and economic improvement in mining operations, on the other hand, the relationship of the results of the fragmentations obtained by an empirical methodology against a numerical one will be studied. The El Dorado mining district is located in the Coquimbo region, 74 km south of La Serena and 5 km northwest of the city of Ovalle. There are mainly iron ores, which are extracted by open pit mining. It is important to note that this mine is not currently in operation. In the development of this research, a methodology divided into stages will be applied, starting with the determination of the burden, according to the mathematical model proposed by Dr. Calvin J. Konya, to subsequently calculate the parameters that allow designing the drilling and blasting mesh (spacing, overdrilling, drilling length, block, etc.) in order to compare the fragmentation of the rock for each design, using the JKSimblast software and the methodology proposed by Kuz-Ram. Consequently, the associated costs to carry out the drilling and blasting operations are determined. After obtaining the results for each simulation, it was identified that the 6" designs with 6% Aluminized Anfo explosives and bulk Anfo, provide the best proposals, both in costs (bulk Anfo) and in granulometry (6% Aluminized Anfo). Finally, different sensitivity analyses are made, where it can be seen how the variation of the critical variables affects each design.
Notas
Proyecto de título (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Voladuras, Perforación, Procesamiento de Datos