Metales pesados en sedimentos superficiales de la cuenca del Aconcagua desde el glaciar Juncal a Concón, región de Valparaíso
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Fecha
2024
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La cuenca del río Aconcagua, ubicada en la región de Valparaíso, constituye un ecosistema
hidrogeológico de gran importancia debido a su extensión y valor ambiental. Influenciada por la
presencia de la cordillera de los Andes, esta cuenca exhibe una notable diversidad geológica. Este
estudio se centra en evaluar las concentraciones de metales presentes en los sedimentos de la cuenca
del Aconcagua, así como en analizar la dinámica de estos metales para identificar posibles fuentes
de contaminación y anomalías significativas.
Los resultados indican que varios elementos superan los límites establecidos por las normativas
ambientales. En particular, el cobre excede consistentemente los límites en todas las normativas
evaluadas, mientras que el cadmio y el cromo también incumplen las normas a lo largo de la cuenca.
La variabilidad observada en los resultados puede atribuirse a factores como la actividad
antropogénica y la geología de la región. Sin embargo, el factor de enriquecimiento sugiere que la
mayoría de los aportes de metales provienen de fuentes naturales.
Finalmente, se identificaron puntos con concentraciones significativas de metales, destacando el
Glaciar Juncal por sus altos niveles de mercurio y la localidad de Rabuco por sus elevadas
concentraciones de cobre. Estos sectores fueron determinados como los más contaminados según el
factor de enriquecimiento (EF) y las normas ambientales vigentes.
The Aconcagua River basin, located in the Valparaíso region, is a crucial hydrogeological ecosystem due to its extent and environmental value. Influenced by the presence of the Andes Mountains, this basin exhibits remarkable geological diversity. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of metals present in the sediments of the Aconcagua basin and analyzing the dynamics of these metals to identify potential sources of contamination and significant anomalies. The results indicate that several elements exceed the limits established by environmental regulations. In particular, copper consistently exceeds the limits across all evaluated standards, while cadmium and chromium also fail to meet the standards throughout the basin. The variability observed in the results can be attributed to factors such as anthropogenic activity and the region's geology. However, the enrichment factor suggests that most metal contributions originate from natural sources. Finally, specific points with significant metal concentrations were identified, notably the Juncal Glacier for its high mercury levels and the locality of Rabuco for its elevated copper concentrations. These areas were determined to be the most contaminated according to the enrichment factor (EF) and current environmental standards.
The Aconcagua River basin, located in the Valparaíso region, is a crucial hydrogeological ecosystem due to its extent and environmental value. Influenced by the presence of the Andes Mountains, this basin exhibits remarkable geological diversity. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of metals present in the sediments of the Aconcagua basin and analyzing the dynamics of these metals to identify potential sources of contamination and significant anomalies. The results indicate that several elements exceed the limits established by environmental regulations. In particular, copper consistently exceeds the limits across all evaluated standards, while cadmium and chromium also fail to meet the standards throughout the basin. The variability observed in the results can be attributed to factors such as anthropogenic activity and the region's geology. However, the enrichment factor suggests that most metal contributions originate from natural sources. Finally, specific points with significant metal concentrations were identified, notably the Juncal Glacier for its high mercury levels and the locality of Rabuco for its elevated copper concentrations. These areas were determined to be the most contaminated according to the enrichment factor (EF) and current environmental standards.
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Tesis (Geóloga)
Palabras clave
Metales Pesados, Sedimentos Fluviales, Río Aconcagua (Chile), Aspectos Ambientales