Contribución al relevamiento geopatrimonial en la georuta del carbón en la cuenca de Arauco, comuna de Arauco, Chile
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Fecha
2023
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los geoparques son territorios conformados por uno o varios parajes considerados como patrimonio geológico de especial importancia, debido
a su rareza o estética, y que representan una herramienta eficaz para el manejo y la conservación de los recursos, mientras a la vez funcionan
como importantes fuentes para el desarrollo local (Brilha, 2009). Teniendo esto en consideración, se propuso en 2016 la creación del proyecto
“Geoparque Minero Litoral del Biobío” (GMLBB) con el fin de promover el desarrollo de un geoturismo sostenible en la zona mediante la creación
de empresas, empleos y cursos de capacitación, mientras a la vez se protegen y conservan los recursos geológicos más destacables de la
región del Biobío. Una de las georutas propuestas, denominada “Georuta patrimonial del carbón” rescata el geopatrimonio a través de 9 geositios
distribuidos en las comunas de Coronel, Lota, Arauco, Los Álamos y Lebu. Sin embargo, existe una necesidad de realizar estudios más
exhaustivos en las comunas que conforman dicha georuta. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se evaluaron 12 lugares de interés geológico (LIG)
en la comuna de Arauco, los cuales fueron seleccionados en base a una extensa revisión bibliográfica y la consecuente definición de contextos
geológicos locales (CGL) que logran representar la historia del territorio estudiado. La valoración de estos LIG fue realizada mediante un método
investigativo mixto, en el cual se obtuvieron los indicadores cuantitativos correspondientes al Valor Científico (VC), Valor Turístico (VT) y Riesgo
de Degradación (RD) utilizando un total de 28 parámetros ampliamente utilizados en metodologías de evaluación del geopatrimonio, cuyos
criterios de asignación de puntaje fueron definidos en una escala de 0 a 100. Por otra parte, se introdujo el indicador Valor del Paisaje (VP) con
el fin de incluir el valor paisajístico presente en los lugares sujetos a este estudio. Dicha ponderación se obtuvo mediante la aplicación de una
encuesta a una muestra de 15 evaluadores, los cuales calificaron fotografías de los LIG propuestos en una escala de 30 adjetivos adaptados a
la población chilena. El peso ponderado de cada uno de estos indicadores se obtuvo a partir de la aplicación del “Proceso de Análisis Jerárquico”
(AHP) realizado por Pérez (2021), permitiendo de esta forma la inclusión de la opinión de expertos a la hora de valorar estos LIG. Para
determinar la relevancia geoturística de cada uno de los LIG estudiados, estos se jerarquizan mediante la integración del indicador “Calidad
Geoturística” (QG), el cual se compara con el indicador Riesgo de Degradación (RD) previamente calculado, permitiendo así la jerarquización
en 9 clases definidas de uso potencial. La aplicación de esta metodología tuvo como resultado la definición de 5 CGL que logran retratar de
forma representativa los últimos 47 Ma de la historia geológica de Arauco, y la proposición de una ruta geoturística que incluye a 5 de los 12
LIG estudiados: Playa Rumena, Punta Lavapié, Punta Fraile, Formación Tubul y Dunas de Yani, cuyas actividades geoturísticas propuestas
están ligadas a la geoconservación y uso estrictamente científico, y actividades de bajo a mediano impacto en grupos controlados como
senderismo, trekking, ciclismo, pesca deportiva y fotografía. Este estudio representa un aporte para el proyecto GMLBB y para la comuna de
Arauco, permitiendo la inclusión de nuevos LIG que no han sido considerados en estudios previos, y fomentando el geoturismo y la
geoconservación de los lugares que poseen características geológicas excepcionales en la zona litoral de dicha comuna.
Geoparks are territories composed of one or several sites considered as geological heritage of special importance due to their rarity or aesthetics. They serve as an effective tool for the management and conservation of resources while also functioning as important sources for local development (Brilha, 2009). With this in consideration, the creation of the "Biobío Coastal Mining Geopark" (GMLBB) was proposed in 2016. Its aim is to promote the development of sustainable geotourism in the area by creating businesses, jobs, and training courses, while also protecting and conserving the most notable geological resources. One of the proposed georoutes, called the "Coal Heritage Georoute," showcases geopatrimony through 9 geosites located in the communities of Coronel, Lota, Arauco, Los Álamos, and Lebu. However, there is a need for more extensive studies in the communities that make up this georoute. For the development of this work, 12 places of geological interest (LIG) in the community of Arauco were evaluated. These were selected based on an extensive literature review and the consequent definition of local geological contexts (CGL) that represent the history of the studied territory. The assessment of these LIGs was carried out using a mixed investigative method, in which quantitative indicators corresponding to Scientific Value (SV), Touristic Value (TV), and Degradation Risk (DR) were obtained. This was done using a total of 28 parameters widely used in geopatrimony evaluation methodologies, with scoring criteria defined on a scale of 0 to 100. Additionally, the Landscape Value (LV) indicator was introduced to include the scenic value present in the locations studied. This weighting was obtained through a survey of a sample of 15 evaluators who rated photographs of the proposed LIGs on a scale of 30 adjectives adapted to the Chilean population. The weighted value of each of these indicators was obtained through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) carried out by Pérez (2021), thus allowing the inclusion of expert opinions in assessing these LIGs. To determine the geotouristic relevance of each of the studied LIGs, they were ranked by integrating the "Geotouristic Quality" (QG) indicator, which was compared with the previously calculated Degradation Risk (DR) indicator. This allowed for the ranking into 9 defined classes of potential use. The application of this methodology resulted in the definition of 5 CGLs that effectively portray the last 39 million years of the geological history of Arauco. It also proposes a geotouristic route that includes 5 out of the 12 studied LIGs: Rumena Beach, Lavapié Point, Fraile Point, Tubul Formation, and Yani Dunes. The proposed geotouristic activities are linked to geoconservation and strictly scientific use, with low to medium impact activities in controlled groups such as hiking, trekking, cycling, sport fishing, and photography. This study contributes to the GMLBB project and to the Arauco community by including new LIGs that have not been considered in previous studies. It promotes g
Geoparks are territories composed of one or several sites considered as geological heritage of special importance due to their rarity or aesthetics. They serve as an effective tool for the management and conservation of resources while also functioning as important sources for local development (Brilha, 2009). With this in consideration, the creation of the "Biobío Coastal Mining Geopark" (GMLBB) was proposed in 2016. Its aim is to promote the development of sustainable geotourism in the area by creating businesses, jobs, and training courses, while also protecting and conserving the most notable geological resources. One of the proposed georoutes, called the "Coal Heritage Georoute," showcases geopatrimony through 9 geosites located in the communities of Coronel, Lota, Arauco, Los Álamos, and Lebu. However, there is a need for more extensive studies in the communities that make up this georoute. For the development of this work, 12 places of geological interest (LIG) in the community of Arauco were evaluated. These were selected based on an extensive literature review and the consequent definition of local geological contexts (CGL) that represent the history of the studied territory. The assessment of these LIGs was carried out using a mixed investigative method, in which quantitative indicators corresponding to Scientific Value (SV), Touristic Value (TV), and Degradation Risk (DR) were obtained. This was done using a total of 28 parameters widely used in geopatrimony evaluation methodologies, with scoring criteria defined on a scale of 0 to 100. Additionally, the Landscape Value (LV) indicator was introduced to include the scenic value present in the locations studied. This weighting was obtained through a survey of a sample of 15 evaluators who rated photographs of the proposed LIGs on a scale of 30 adjectives adapted to the Chilean population. The weighted value of each of these indicators was obtained through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) carried out by Pérez (2021), thus allowing the inclusion of expert opinions in assessing these LIGs. To determine the geotouristic relevance of each of the studied LIGs, they were ranked by integrating the "Geotouristic Quality" (QG) indicator, which was compared with the previously calculated Degradation Risk (DR) indicator. This allowed for the ranking into 9 defined classes of potential use. The application of this methodology resulted in the definition of 5 CGLs that effectively portray the last 39 million years of the geological history of Arauco. It also proposes a geotouristic route that includes 5 out of the 12 studied LIGs: Rumena Beach, Lavapié Point, Fraile Point, Tubul Formation, and Yani Dunes. The proposed geotouristic activities are linked to geoconservation and strictly scientific use, with low to medium impact activities in controlled groups such as hiking, trekking, cycling, sport fishing, and photography. This study contributes to the GMLBB project and to the Arauco community by including new LIGs that have not been considered in previous studies. It promotes g
Notas
Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Geoturismo, Geopatrimonio, Geoconservación, Chile, Arauco