Propagación asexuada por fragmentación del talo en el alga parda Dictyota kunthii (dictyotales, phaeophyceae)
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Fecha
2023
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Dictyota kunthii es un alga parda perteneciente al orden Dictyotales, la cual, a
lo largo de su distribución en la costa de Chile, se caracteriza por tener como
estrategia de reproducción predominante la vía asexuada por medio de
esporas y propágulos multicelulares (lígulas). Es por ello que se sugirió la
posibilidad de que exista, además, propagación vegetativa por medio de
fragmentación de sus talos. Esta situación ya ha sido observada en otras
especies del género como Dictyota dichotoma, en la que se ha demostrado la
capacidad de cicatrización del talo cuando es fragmentado, regenerando
brotes y talos completos. Si bien Dictyota kunthii no tiene un uso comercial en
la actualidad, se ha comprobado que posee propiedades bioactivas que le
confieren potencial como fungicida efectivo contra hongos patógenos de la
fruta de exportación, lo que se consideró como una oportunidad para
desarrollar un bioproducto que proteja la fruta en el mercado internacional. Sin
embargo, su biodisponibilidad es limitada, lo que hace inviable su extracción
desde poblaciones naturales para sustentar un proceso productivo, por lo que
se planteó la necesidad de su producción mediante cultivo. Por lo tanto, se
estudió in vitro la fragmentación del talo como vía alternativa de propagación
vegetativa. Para ello se realizaron pruebas en condiciones controladas en
donde fue evaluado el crecimiento, sobrevivencia y regeneración de las partes
apicales, medias y basales del talo. Los resultados mostraron una disminución
de área en las partes apicales (15±7,8%), en medias (13±9,7%) y basales
(11±4,1%). En cuanto a sobrevivencia, las partes apicales y basales
presentaron un 91,7±17%, mientras que los fragmentos medios un
83,3±33,5%. Por último, de los 31 fragmentos finales, ninguno presentó signos
de regeneración. Si bien los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el método
de fragmentación del talo no era posible de utilizar como método de cultivo, se
observó que la propagación a través de lígulas sí puede presentarse como una
alternativa para el desarrollo de cultivos de esta especie.
Dictyota kunthii is a brown alga belonging to the order Dictyotales, which, along its distribution on the coast of Chile, is characterized by having as predominant reproductive strategy the asexual way by producing spores and multicellular propagules (ligule). Because of this, the possibility of vegetative propagation through fragmentation of the thalli was suggested. This strategy has already been observed in other species of the genus such as Dictyota dichotoma, which has demonstrated the ability to heal the thallus when fragmented, regenerating shoots and new thalli. Although Dictyota kunthii is not currently in commercial use, it has been shown to possess bioactive properties giving it potential as an effective fungicide against pathogenic fungi of export fruit. It was considered an opportunity to develop a bioproduct to protect fruit in the international market. However, its bioavailability is scarce, which makes its extraction from natural populations unfeasible to support a productive process, raising the need for its production by cultivation instead. Therefore, thallus fragmentation was studied in vitro as an alternative for vegetative propagation. For this purpose, tests were conducted under controlled conditions in which the growth, survival and regeneration of the apical, middle and basal parts of the thallus were evaluated. The results showed a decrease in area in the apical (15±7,8%), middle (13±9,7%) and basal (11±4,1%) parts. In terms of survival, the apical and basal parts showed 91,7±17%, while the middle fragments showed 83,3±33,5%. Finally, none of the 31 final fragments showed signs of regeneration. Although the results we obtained showed that fragmenting the thallus was not succesfull as a cultivation method, we observed that propagation through ligule may present an alternative for the cultivation of this species.
Dictyota kunthii is a brown alga belonging to the order Dictyotales, which, along its distribution on the coast of Chile, is characterized by having as predominant reproductive strategy the asexual way by producing spores and multicellular propagules (ligule). Because of this, the possibility of vegetative propagation through fragmentation of the thalli was suggested. This strategy has already been observed in other species of the genus such as Dictyota dichotoma, which has demonstrated the ability to heal the thallus when fragmented, regenerating shoots and new thalli. Although Dictyota kunthii is not currently in commercial use, it has been shown to possess bioactive properties giving it potential as an effective fungicide against pathogenic fungi of export fruit. It was considered an opportunity to develop a bioproduct to protect fruit in the international market. However, its bioavailability is scarce, which makes its extraction from natural populations unfeasible to support a productive process, raising the need for its production by cultivation instead. Therefore, thallus fragmentation was studied in vitro as an alternative for vegetative propagation. For this purpose, tests were conducted under controlled conditions in which the growth, survival and regeneration of the apical, middle and basal parts of the thallus were evaluated. The results showed a decrease in area in the apical (15±7,8%), middle (13±9,7%) and basal (11±4,1%) parts. In terms of survival, the apical and basal parts showed 91,7±17%, while the middle fragments showed 83,3±33,5%. Finally, none of the 31 final fragments showed signs of regeneration. Although the results we obtained showed that fragmenting the thallus was not succesfull as a cultivation method, we observed that propagation through ligule may present an alternative for the cultivation of this species.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Algas Parda, Reproducción, Propagación, Propagación de las Plantas