Estudio experimental de la influencia del uso de geotextiles y geomallas en el acomodo de partículas de un suelo arenoso determinada a través de ensayos geotécnicos tradicionales
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Fecha
2020
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El suelo interviene en un gran número de problemas particulares que se pueden presentar en la Ingeniería Civil, ya que éste será el que deba soportar diferentes tipos de estructuras (edificios, puentes, torres, presas, carreteras, etc.), o bien ser utilizado como material de construcción, como es el caso al proyectar terraplenes o muros estabilizados mecánicamente. Sobre la base de lo anterior, en muchas ocasiones el suelo requiere de distintos tipos de mejoramientos o complementos debido a que este no posee las aptitudes requeridas por el diseño geotécnico, por lo tanto, se hace necesario modificar sus propiedades geomecánicas e incrementar su resistencia y su capacidad de deformación. Una de las múltiples alternativas utilizadas para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas del suelo es el uso de los materiales geosintéticos, los cuales se escogen dependiendo de la función o de la propiedad que se requiera desarrollar o mejorar. El motivo de esta investigación es un estudio experimental que buscará analizar el comportamiento del acomodo de partículas de un determinado suelo, considerando la incorporación de dos tipos de geosintéticos (geotextil tejido y geomalla triaxial), evaluando tanto distintas configuraciones en la disposición de estos como también en la aplicación de energías de impacto y vibración para lograr el acomodo de partículas; realizándose un plan de ensayos de laboratorio tradicionales que determinan grados de acomodo de partículas (Ensayo Proctor Modificado y Ensayo Densidades Máxima y Mínima), y además la determinación de la capacidad portante mediante el ensayo CBR. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos y análisis realizados muestran que la inclusión de diferentes líneas de geosintéticos no entrega una variación relevante en la densificación y el grado acomodo lograda en el suelo ensayado, evidenciándose valores de DMCS muy similares al obtenido con material sin geosintético. De forma paralela, la inclusión de las diferentes líneas de refuerzo entrega aumentos en la capacidad de soporte CBR en un orden de magnitud variable entre15 y 4% para el geotextil y geomalla respectivamente, ambos con respecto a lo logrado con el material sin geosintético; Por otro lado, el trabajo entrega una estimación indirecta de la variabilidad de las principales propiedades geomecánicas del material arenoso, a fin de identificar la resistencia entregada por la configuración de geosintéticos sobre la respuesta del suelo, sin estos haber afectado el nivel de acomodo y considerando para las comparativas anteriores un análisis de variabilidad estadística de la dispersión de los resultados experimentales. Se logró identificar una banda de magnitudes para el ángulo de fricción del material arenoso gravoso, además de variaciones positivas de la resistencia del suelo a la penetración equivalentes a incrementos del ángulo de fricción en 2 a 5° para la geomalla y el geotextil respectivamente.
The soil gets involved in many particular problems found in the Civil Engineering, since the ground must supports different kinds of structures (as buildings, bridges, towers, dams, highways, etc.) or be used as building material, projecting embankments or stabilized walls mechanically. Based on the above, many times the soil requires different kinds of improvement or complement because it does not have the skills required by the geotechnical design, therefore it becomes necessary to modify its geomechanics properties increase its resistance and deformability. One of the many alternatives used to improve the mechanical properties of the soil is using Geosynthetics materials, which are chosen depending on the function or property that is required to develop or to improve. The reason for this investigation is an experimental study that will analyze the particle accommodation behavior in a given soil, considering the incorporation of two kinds of Geosynthetics (woven geotextile and triaxial Geogrid) in the soil and evaluating different configurations in the accommodation of these as also the application of impact and vibration energies to obtain the particle arrangement doing a traditional laboratory test plan that determines the degree of accommodation (modify proctor test and maximum and minimum density test). Also, the determines of the bearing capacity through the CBR test. Finally, the results obtained and the analysis performed show the inclusion of different kinds of Geosynthetics do not generate a significant variation in the densification and the degree of accommodation gets in the soil tested, leaving in evidence a similar data in DMCS to those obtained in the tests without the Geosynthetics. Simultaneously, the inclusion of different kinds of reinforcement gives an increase in the CBR index bearing capacity in a variable magnitude of 15 and 4% for the geotextile and Geogrid respectively, both regarding to the test without Geosynthetics; on the other hand, the investigation also gives an indirect estimate of the variability of the main geomechanics properties in the sandy material, identifying the resistance gives in the Geosynthetics configuration on the soil response, these have not impacted the accommodation level and considering to the previous comparisons an analysis of statistical variability of the dispersion in the experimental results. It was possible to identify a band of magnitudes for the friction angle of the gravel sandy material, also positives variations for the soil resistance to the equivalent penetration increases the friction angle in 2 and 5 degrees for the geogrid and geotextile, respectively.
The soil gets involved in many particular problems found in the Civil Engineering, since the ground must supports different kinds of structures (as buildings, bridges, towers, dams, highways, etc.) or be used as building material, projecting embankments or stabilized walls mechanically. Based on the above, many times the soil requires different kinds of improvement or complement because it does not have the skills required by the geotechnical design, therefore it becomes necessary to modify its geomechanics properties increase its resistance and deformability. One of the many alternatives used to improve the mechanical properties of the soil is using Geosynthetics materials, which are chosen depending on the function or property that is required to develop or to improve. The reason for this investigation is an experimental study that will analyze the particle accommodation behavior in a given soil, considering the incorporation of two kinds of Geosynthetics (woven geotextile and triaxial Geogrid) in the soil and evaluating different configurations in the accommodation of these as also the application of impact and vibration energies to obtain the particle arrangement doing a traditional laboratory test plan that determines the degree of accommodation (modify proctor test and maximum and minimum density test). Also, the determines of the bearing capacity through the CBR test. Finally, the results obtained and the analysis performed show the inclusion of different kinds of Geosynthetics do not generate a significant variation in the densification and the degree of accommodation gets in the soil tested, leaving in evidence a similar data in DMCS to those obtained in the tests without the Geosynthetics. Simultaneously, the inclusion of different kinds of reinforcement gives an increase in the CBR index bearing capacity in a variable magnitude of 15 and 4% for the geotextile and Geogrid respectively, both regarding to the test without Geosynthetics; on the other hand, the investigation also gives an indirect estimate of the variability of the main geomechanics properties in the sandy material, identifying the resistance gives in the Geosynthetics configuration on the soil response, these have not impacted the accommodation level and considering to the previous comparisons an analysis of statistical variability of the dispersion in the experimental results. It was possible to identify a band of magnitudes for the friction angle of the gravel sandy material, also positives variations for the soil resistance to the equivalent penetration increases the friction angle in 2 and 5 degrees for the geogrid and geotextile, respectively.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Materiales de Construcción, Pruebas, Mecánica de Suelos, Investigaciones, Geotextiles