Efectos del ejercicio isométrico en la arquitectura muscular en adultos : una revisión sistemática
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2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Introducción: Los ejercicios isométricos son aquellos en el cual se realiza una contracción sostenida contra una carga o resistencia inmóvil con un cambio mínimo o nulo en longitud del grupo muscular, este tipo de contracción podría generar cambios en la arquitectura muscular como por ejemplo en la longitud del fascículo, ángulo de peneación, grosor muscular y área de sección transversal. Objetivos: I) Evaluar la calidad de la evidencia de los estudios que determinan los efectos del ejercicio isométrico en la arquitectura muscular, (II) determinar los efectos del ejercicio isométrico en la arquitectura muscular en adultos. Método: La revisión sistemática seguirá las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. Se revisarán cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y SportDiscus. Serán incluidos estudios experimentales que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los términos de búsqueda corresponderán a: "Resistance Training" OR "Strength Training" OR “Muscle Strength" OR "Strength" OR "Isometric Contraction" OR "Isometric" OR "Isometric Exercise"; "Muscle Architecture" OR "Pennation Angle" OR “Fibre Length” OR “Fiber Length” OR “Fascicle”. Los estudios serán evaluados a través de la escala PEDro. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron (I) Los estudios seleccionados tuvieron una calidad metodológica moderada y buena, (II) La fiabilidad de los entrenamientos isométricos para los cambios en la arquitectura muscular presentaron cambios significativos en cada uno de los componentes musculares, ya sea, ángulo de peneación, longitud del fascículo y área de sección transversal, (III) El único componente dónde no se vieron cambios significativos fue en el grosor muscular. Conclusiones: Se demostró que los entrenamientos isométricos generan cambios significativos en tres de los cuatro componentes musculares de la arquitectura muscular, ya sea, ángulo de peneación, longitud del fascículo y área de sección transversal, donde el único componente en el que no se vio algún cambio relevante fue en el grosor muscular
Introduction: Isometric exercises are those in which a sustained contraction is performed against an immobile load or resistance with minimal or no change in length of the muscle group, this type of contraction could generate changes in muscle architecture such as in the length of the fascicle , penetration angle, muscle thickness, and cross-sectional area. Objectives: I) To evaluate the quality of the evidence of the studies that determine the effects of isometric exercise on muscular architecture, (II) to determine the effects of isometric exercise on muscular architecture in adults. Methods: The systematic review will follow the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. Four databases will be reviewed: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SportDiscus. Experimental studies that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included. Search terms will correspond to: "Resistance Training" OR "Strength Training" OR "Muscle Strength" OR "Strength" OR "Isometric Contraction" OR "Isometric" OR "Isometric" OR "Isometric Exercise"; "Muscle Architecture" OR "Pennation Angle" OR "Fibre Length" OR "Fiber Length" OR "Fascicle". The studies will be evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results: The main findings were (I) The selected studies had a moderate and good methodological quality, (II) The reliability of isometric training for changes in muscle architecture presented significant changes in each of the muscle components, either angle of penetration, fascicle length and cross-sectional area, (III) The only component where no significant changes were seen was muscle thickness. Conclusion: It was shown that isometric training generates significant changes in three of the four muscular components of the muscular architecture, be it penile angle, fascicle length and cross-sectional area, where the only component in which no relevant change was seen was in muscle thickness.
Introduction: Isometric exercises are those in which a sustained contraction is performed against an immobile load or resistance with minimal or no change in length of the muscle group, this type of contraction could generate changes in muscle architecture such as in the length of the fascicle , penetration angle, muscle thickness, and cross-sectional area. Objectives: I) To evaluate the quality of the evidence of the studies that determine the effects of isometric exercise on muscular architecture, (II) to determine the effects of isometric exercise on muscular architecture in adults. Methods: The systematic review will follow the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. Four databases will be reviewed: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SportDiscus. Experimental studies that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included. Search terms will correspond to: "Resistance Training" OR "Strength Training" OR "Muscle Strength" OR "Strength" OR "Isometric Contraction" OR "Isometric" OR "Isometric" OR "Isometric Exercise"; "Muscle Architecture" OR "Pennation Angle" OR "Fibre Length" OR "Fiber Length" OR "Fascicle". The studies will be evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results: The main findings were (I) The selected studies had a moderate and good methodological quality, (II) The reliability of isometric training for changes in muscle architecture presented significant changes in each of the muscle components, either angle of penetration, fascicle length and cross-sectional area, (III) The only component where no significant changes were seen was muscle thickness. Conclusion: It was shown that isometric training generates significant changes in three of the four muscular components of the muscular architecture, be it penile angle, fascicle length and cross-sectional area, where the only component in which no relevant change was seen was in muscle thickness.
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Palabras clave
Adulto Mayor, Fuerza Muscular, Ejercicio Físico, Investigaciones