Rehabilitación de centros urbanos afectados por el tsunami 2010 en la comuna de Pelluhue, Chile
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2017
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es
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Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
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Resumen
La Comuna de Pelluhue fue una de las más afectadas durante el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de
febrero de 2010 en Chile central, registrando 47 fallecidos, el mayor número de muertes per-cápita del país. Este
estudio se orienta a analizar la resiliencia de los centros urbanos de la comuna, desde sus principales instancias:
preparación, resistencia, recuperación y adaptación. Los daños generados por el tsunami se estudian mediante
un levantamiento in-situ, complementado con levantamientos efectuados en 2013 y 2015, consulta de percepción
de seguridad y un análisis del impacto de los instrumentos de planificación territorial en la rehabilitación de los
centros urbanos. De estos estudios se concluye que la comuna experimentó una rápida recuperación de
infraestructura entre 2010 y 2012. Las modificaciones incorporadas en la ordenanza del Plan Regulador
Comunal a finales de 2012 promovieron el uso de una nueva tipología estructural adaptada al riesgo de tsunami
en la Zona Turística de Borde Costero (ZTBC-1). El uso de marcos estructurales de madera y hormigón en el
primer piso, se adoptó en respuesta al bajo coeficiente de ocupación de suelo sugerido en la ordenanza del Plan
Regulador Comunal para dicha zona, sin necesariamente cumplir con criterios de diseño estructural. En otras
zonas ubicadas en el área inundada, no obstante, se reconstruyó sin adoptar criterios de adaptación. Aun cuando
se implementó una consulta, que no tiene la representación adecuada de toda la población, el sondeo indica que
el plan de emergencia implementado por ONEMI, por su parte, generó una mejor percepción de seguridad en
las zonas de riesgo por parte de los residentes, pero los visitantes desconocen las medidas de evacuación
vigentes.
The Pelluhue country was one of the most affected during the earthquake and tsunami of February 27, 2010 in central Chile, with 47 deaths, the highest number of per-capita deaths in the country. This study is oriented to analyze the resilience of the urban centers of the commune, from its principal instances: preparation, resistance, recovery and adaptation. The damage generated by the tsunami is studied through an on-site survey, supplemented by surveys conducted in 2013 and 2015, a safety perception consultation and an analysis of the impact of territorial planning instruments in the rehabilitation of urban centers. From these studies it is concluded that the commune experienced a rapid infrastructure recovery between 2010 and 2012. The modifications incorporated in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan at the end of 2012 promoted the use of a new structural typology adapted to the tsunami risk in the Coastal Tourist Zone (ZTBC-1). The use of wood and concrete structural frames on the first floor was adopted in response to the low coefficient of soil occupation suggested in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan for that area, without necessarily complying with structural design criteria. However, in some other areas, within the flooded area, it was rebuilt without adopting adaptation criteria. Even when a consultation was implemented, which does not have adequate representation of the entire population, the survey indicates that the emergency plan implemented by ONEMI, in turn, generated a better perception of safety in the risk areas by residents, but visitors are unaware of the current evacuation measures. © 2017, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar. All rights reserved.
The Pelluhue country was one of the most affected during the earthquake and tsunami of February 27, 2010 in central Chile, with 47 deaths, the highest number of per-capita deaths in the country. This study is oriented to analyze the resilience of the urban centers of the commune, from its principal instances: preparation, resistance, recovery and adaptation. The damage generated by the tsunami is studied through an on-site survey, supplemented by surveys conducted in 2013 and 2015, a safety perception consultation and an analysis of the impact of territorial planning instruments in the rehabilitation of urban centers. From these studies it is concluded that the commune experienced a rapid infrastructure recovery between 2010 and 2012. The modifications incorporated in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan at the end of 2012 promoted the use of a new structural typology adapted to the tsunami risk in the Coastal Tourist Zone (ZTBC-1). The use of wood and concrete structural frames on the first floor was adopted in response to the low coefficient of soil occupation suggested in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan for that area, without necessarily complying with structural design criteria. However, in some other areas, within the flooded area, it was rebuilt without adopting adaptation criteria. Even when a consultation was implemented, which does not have adequate representation of the entire population, the survey indicates that the emergency plan implemented by ONEMI, in turn, generated a better perception of safety in the risk areas by residents, but visitors are unaware of the current evacuation measures. © 2017, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar. All rights reserved.
Notas
Indexación: Scopus.
Palabras clave
Chile, Rehabilitación urbana, Resiliencia, Adaptación, Levantamiento post-tsunami, Zonificación, Percepción de seguridad
Citación
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. Volume 45, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 659-674