CaracterizaciĆ³n del flujo de un paso de peces para especies nativas chilenas
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Profesor/a GuĆa
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad AndrƩs Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El diseƱo actual de obras hidrƔulicas para el paso de peces contempla criterios
conocidos para especies migratorias de gran tamaƱo del tipo salmĆ³nidos. Sin
embargo, estos criterios no resultan aplicables a peces de pequeƱo tamaƱo (<15
cm), tales como los encontrados en la zona centro sur de Chile. El Departamento
de IngenierĆa HidrĆ”ulica y Ambiental de la Universidad de ConcepciĆ³n cuenta con
una rampa prototipo para el paso de peces nativos chilenos, de 4 m de longitud y
70 cm de ancho con una pendiente del 5%. Presenta bloques ubicados
transversalmente al flujo principal, y su diseƱo y funcionamiento experimental
mostrĆ³ ser efectivo en permitir el paso de peces de la familia Trichomycteriade. Esta
investigaciĆ³n pretende contribuir con informaciĆ³n relevante para el mejoramiento
del diseƱo de pasos de peces para conservar especies endƩmicas de Chile. Con
este propĆ³sito, se realizĆ³ un estudio numĆ©rico del flujo medio en el canal prototipo,
considerando un caudal de 10 l/s, el cual tiene asociado un nĆŗmero de Reynolds de
aproximadamente 1,1x105 y un nĆŗmero de Froude de 2,8. Se pudo comprobar que
el modelo numƩrico implementado reproduce de manera adecuada la velocidad
media del flujo y cualitativamente la distribuciĆ³n de velocidades observada en la
secciĆ³n transversal del canal, tal como se comprobĆ³ con videos del funcionamiento
del mismo. En relaciĆ³n con las estadĆsticas de la turbulencia se encontrĆ³ que los
valores mĆ”ximos de la energĆa cinĆ©tica turbulenta en el eje del canal son similares
a los obtenidos cerca de los obstƔculos, con valores representativos de
aproximadamente 0,06 m2/s2. Se discuten las variaciones periĆ³dicas de las
estadĆsticas de la turbulencia inducidas por los obstĆ”culos. Los resultados obtenidos
en este trabajo pueden ser combinados con aspectos biolĆ³gicos de los peces
estudiados y son relevantes para futuras mejoras en el diseƱo del canal.
The current design of fish passage facilities contemplates known criteria for largesized migratory fish species such as salmonids. However, these criteria are not applicable for small-sized fish species (<15 cm), as those found in South Central Chile. The Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering at Universidad de ConcepciĆ³n currently has a prototype ramp for the pass of Chilean native fish species, which is 4 m long and 70 cm wide with 5% slope. It has obstacles placed in a transverse direction to the main flow and its design and experimental operation proved to be effective in allowing the pass of fishes from the Trichomycteriade family. This investigation pretends to be a contribution with relevant information to improve the design of fish passage facilities to preserve endemic species of Chile. To that end, a numerical study of the main flow in the prototype ramp was undertaken, considering a flowrate of 10 l/s which has associated a Reynolds number of approximately 1,1x105 and a Froude number of 2,8. It was found that the implemented numerical model adequately reproduces the mean flow velocity and qualitatively the velocity distribution observed in the cross section of the channel, as it was proved through video recordings of the ramp operation. Regarding turbulence statistics, it was found that the maximum values of turbulent kinetic energy in the ramp axis are similar to those found close to the obstacles, with representative values of approximately 0,06 m2 /s2 . The periodic variations in the turbulence statistics induced by the obstacles are discussed. The results obtained in this investigation can be combined with biological features of the studied fishes and they are relevant for future improvements in the flume design.
The current design of fish passage facilities contemplates known criteria for largesized migratory fish species such as salmonids. However, these criteria are not applicable for small-sized fish species (<15 cm), as those found in South Central Chile. The Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering at Universidad de ConcepciĆ³n currently has a prototype ramp for the pass of Chilean native fish species, which is 4 m long and 70 cm wide with 5% slope. It has obstacles placed in a transverse direction to the main flow and its design and experimental operation proved to be effective in allowing the pass of fishes from the Trichomycteriade family. This investigation pretends to be a contribution with relevant information to improve the design of fish passage facilities to preserve endemic species of Chile. To that end, a numerical study of the main flow in the prototype ramp was undertaken, considering a flowrate of 10 l/s which has associated a Reynolds number of approximately 1,1x105 and a Froude number of 2,8. It was found that the implemented numerical model adequately reproduces the mean flow velocity and qualitatively the velocity distribution observed in the cross section of the channel, as it was proved through video recordings of the ramp operation. Regarding turbulence statistics, it was found that the maximum values of turbulent kinetic energy in the ramp axis are similar to those found close to the obstacles, with representative values of approximately 0,06 m2 /s2 . The periodic variations in the turbulence statistics induced by the obstacles are discussed. The results obtained in this investigation can be combined with biological features of the studied fishes and they are relevant for future improvements in the flume design.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Estructuras HidrƔulicas, Peces, Chile