Comparación de los parámetros de diseño sísmico para edificios en altura de hormigón armado, frente a normativas latinoamericanas
2022
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es
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Profesor/a Guía
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Tesis (Ingeniero en Construcción)
Resumen
Tanto en Chile como en los demás países de Latinoamérica se produce una gran cantidad
de sismos y eventos telúricos, por esto, cada país tiene su respectiva normativa para el diseño
sísmico de edificios los cuales tienen como alcance principal evitar el colapso de las estructuras.
Sin embargo, estas normativas pueden diferir en parámetros, restricciones y límites entre unas y
otras.
Por esto, el objetivo de la investigación es realizar una comparativa de los parámetros y
condiciones del diseño sísmico para edificios habitacionales de hormigón armado en Sudamérica
y el caribe, comparando las normativas de 4 países; Chile, Perú, Colombia y Guatemala. La
manera de abordar el estudio fue desarrollar el modelamiento de un edificio habitacional en base
a muros de 2 alturas distintas y de 2 espesores distintos de muro, a estos modelos se les introdujo
el espectro de diseño sísmico de dichos países en análisis, los parámetros que definen el espectro
de diseño dependen mayormente de sus condiciones dadas por su zona geográfica, el tipo de
suelo y tipo de edificación.
A través del estudio y los ensayos realizados se puede observar que el diseño sísmico
chileno utiliza las mayores sobrecargas de uso, una magnitud de corte basal y aceleración
espectral de diseño, en general, más baja que el promedio, y una limitante de desplazamientos
entre pisos menores al resto. Se puede demostrar que el diseño sísmico chileno es uno de los
mejores de Latinoamérica y del mundo, ya que la curva del espectro de diseño permite utilizar
aceleraciones de diseño más convenientes y también evitar un corte basal sobredimensionado,
todo esto considerando altas sobrecargas de uso y combinaciones de carga desfavorables.
De los procedimientos de diseño sísmico y también de los resultados, para cada uno de los
países en estudio, se obtiene un interesante análisis donde se permitiría hacer converger y unificar
ideas y métodos generando importantes avances a nivel continental, todo esto se comenta con
más detalle al final del documento investigativo.
In Chile and in other Latin American countries, a large number of earthquakes and telluric events occur, for this reason, each country has its respective regulations for the seismic design of buildings whose main objective is to prevent the collapse of structures. However, these regulations may differ in parameters, restrictions and limits between each other. For this reason, the objective of the research is to make a comparison of the parameters and conditions of the seismic design for residential buildings of reinforced concrete in South America and the Caribbean, comparing the regulations of 4 countries; Chile, Peru, Colombia and Guatemala. The way to approach the study was to develop the modeling of a residential building based on walls of 2 different heights and 2 different wall thicknesses. The seismic design spectrum of said countries under analysis was introduced to these models, the parameters that define the design spectrum depend mainly on their conditions given by their geographical area, the type of soil and the type of building. Through the study and the results, it can be observed that the Chilean seismic design uses the highest loads of use, a magnitude of basal shear and design spectral acceleration, in general, lower than the average, and a limitation of displacements between lower floors. to the rest. It can be shown that the Chilean seismic design is one of the best in Latin America and the world, since the design spectrum curve allows the use of more convenient design accelerations and also a nonoversized basal shear, all this considering high loads of use and unfavorable load combinations. From the seismic design procedures and from the results, for each of the countries under study, an interesting analysis is obtained that would allow the convergence and unification of ideas and methods, generating important advances at the continental level, all of this is commented in more detail at end of the paper.
In Chile and in other Latin American countries, a large number of earthquakes and telluric events occur, for this reason, each country has its respective regulations for the seismic design of buildings whose main objective is to prevent the collapse of structures. However, these regulations may differ in parameters, restrictions and limits between each other. For this reason, the objective of the research is to make a comparison of the parameters and conditions of the seismic design for residential buildings of reinforced concrete in South America and the Caribbean, comparing the regulations of 4 countries; Chile, Peru, Colombia and Guatemala. The way to approach the study was to develop the modeling of a residential building based on walls of 2 different heights and 2 different wall thicknesses. The seismic design spectrum of said countries under analysis was introduced to these models, the parameters that define the design spectrum depend mainly on their conditions given by their geographical area, the type of soil and the type of building. Through the study and the results, it can be observed that the Chilean seismic design uses the highest loads of use, a magnitude of basal shear and design spectral acceleration, in general, lower than the average, and a limitation of displacements between lower floors. to the rest. It can be shown that the Chilean seismic design is one of the best in Latin America and the world, since the design spectrum curve allows the use of more convenient design accelerations and also a nonoversized basal shear, all this considering high loads of use and unfavorable load combinations. From the seismic design procedures and from the results, for each of the countries under study, an interesting analysis is obtained that would allow the convergence and unification of ideas and methods, generating important advances at the continental level, all of this is commented in more detail at end of the paper.
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello