Características y efectos de los programas de entrenamiento para cuidadores de usuarios adultos secuelados de accidente cerebrovascular en etapa crónica : una revisión de literatura
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Archivos
Fecha
2023
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Contexto: El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es actualmente la enfermedad
neurológica más frecuente en el mundo. Se estima que dos tercios de estos usuarios
mantendrán secuelas que condicionarán su calidad de vida, convirtiéndose en personas
dependientes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los cuidadores no están preparados para
asumir esta responsabilidad, siendo susceptibles de presentar dificultades psicológicas,
físicas y económicas que repercutirán negativamente tanto en su calidad de vida como
en la del usuario. Por tanto, se hace evidente la necesidad de establecer programas para
preparar a los cuidadores en la tarea de cuidar y apoyar el proceso de rehabilitación.
Objetivo: Establecer las características y principales efectos de diferentes programas de
entrenamiento para cuidadores de usuarios post ACV en etapa crónica. Metodología:
Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de 10 artículos escogidos por un experto.
Resultados: se categorizan los estudios revisados en: (a) Programas de entrenamiento
para cuidadores para apoyar la rehabilitación motora, (b) Programas psicoeducativos
para cuidadores y (c) Programas con uso de tecnologías, encontrando resultados
favorables respecto del rol del cuidador en la etapa domiciliaria. Se documentan efectos
positivos a nivel de: funcionalidad de extremidad superior, marcha, ejecución de
actividades de la vida diaria, calidad de vida del cuidador y del usuario, disminución de
síntomas ansiosos/depresivos, disminución del deterioro cognitivo del usuario, manejo de
la carga del cuidador, adherencia a programas de ejercicios y uso de aplicaciones.
Conclusiones: Se confirma la importancia del cuidador en el contexto domiciliario y su
rol fundamental en apoyar e incidir en esta etapa de rehabilitación, destacando estas
implicancias desde la práctica clínica. El contar con más investigaciones en esta área
contribuirá a disponer de evidencia más robusta para lograr impactar positivamente en la
rehabilitación del usuario y su calidad de vida.
Background: Stroke is currently the most frequent neurological disease in the world. It is estimated that two-thirds of these users will maintain sequelae that will condition their quality of life, becoming dependent. However, most caregivers are not prepared to assume this responsibility, being susceptible to psychological, physical, and economic difficulties negatively impacting their quality of life and the patients. Therefore, the need to establish programs to prepare caregivers for caring for and supporting the rehabilitation process becomes evident. Objective: to establish the characteristics and main effects of different training programs for caregivers of post-stroke users in the chronic stage. Methods: a narrative review of 10 articles chosen by an expert was carried out. Results: the studies reviewed were categorized into: (a) Training programs for caregivers to support motor rehabilitation, (b) Psychoeducational programs for caregivers, and (c) Programs with the use of technologies, finding favorable results regarding the caregiver's role at home. Positive effects are documented at the level of upper limb functionality, gait, activities of daily living performance, quality of life of the caregiver and the user, a decrease in anxious/depressive symptoms, a decrease of the user's cognitive impairment, management of the caregiver's burden, adherence to exercise programs and use of applications. Conclusions: The importance of the caregiver in the home context and his fundamental role in supporting and influencing this stage of rehabilitation is confirmed, highlighting these implications from clinical practice. Further research in this area will contribute to have more robust evidence to achieve a positive impact on the rehabilitation of the patient and their quality of life.
Background: Stroke is currently the most frequent neurological disease in the world. It is estimated that two-thirds of these users will maintain sequelae that will condition their quality of life, becoming dependent. However, most caregivers are not prepared to assume this responsibility, being susceptible to psychological, physical, and economic difficulties negatively impacting their quality of life and the patients. Therefore, the need to establish programs to prepare caregivers for caring for and supporting the rehabilitation process becomes evident. Objective: to establish the characteristics and main effects of different training programs for caregivers of post-stroke users in the chronic stage. Methods: a narrative review of 10 articles chosen by an expert was carried out. Results: the studies reviewed were categorized into: (a) Training programs for caregivers to support motor rehabilitation, (b) Psychoeducational programs for caregivers, and (c) Programs with the use of technologies, finding favorable results regarding the caregiver's role at home. Positive effects are documented at the level of upper limb functionality, gait, activities of daily living performance, quality of life of the caregiver and the user, a decrease in anxious/depressive symptoms, a decrease of the user's cognitive impairment, management of the caregiver's burden, adherence to exercise programs and use of applications. Conclusions: The importance of the caregiver in the home context and his fundamental role in supporting and influencing this stage of rehabilitation is confirmed, highlighting these implications from clinical practice. Further research in this area will contribute to have more robust evidence to achieve a positive impact on the rehabilitation of the patient and their quality of life.
Notas
Actividad final de graduación (Magíster en Neurorrehabilitación)
Palabras clave
Accidente Cerebrovascular, Rehabilitación, Cuidadores