Traumatismos Dentoalveolares que Afectan a las Estructuras de Soporte de los Dientes Temporales y sus Efectos en los Sucesores Definitivos
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2013
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es
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2014 Universidad de La Frontera
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RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar las secuelas producidas en la dentición definitiva luego de un traumatismo que afectó a las estructuras de soporte de dientes temporales. La muestra corresponde a 53 niños beneficiarios del Centro de Referencia Odontopediátrico Simón Bolívar, entre las edades de 1 a 7 años que sufrieron traumatismo dentoalveolar del sector anterior, durante el periodo 2005-2007 que se clasificó según Andreasen en subluxación, luxación lateral, luxación intrusiva, luxación extrusiva y avulsión. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten determinar un 20% de secuelas clínicas en dientes sucesores permanentes, siendo las opacidades del esmalte con un 88% las lesiones mas frecuente, luego las hipoplasias del esmalte que alcanzó un 12%. La mayoría de las lesiones registradas según severidad son de tipo leves (65%) y el porcentaje de dientes con secuelas clínicas no cambia significativamente a través de los diferentes diagnósticos. La edad promedio de los niños al momento de sufrir el trauma y que presentaban secuelas fue de 4,7 años. No se registraron casos de luxación extrusiva puesto que no se observaron casos con secuelas. Se concluye que los dientes definitivos que remplazan dientes deciduos que han sufrido trauma como luxación intrusiva, subluxación, luxación lateral y avulsión, con frecuencia presentan secuelas que se expresan principalmente como opacidad e hipoplasias del esmalte. Las secuelas de estos traumas podrían disminuir si los niños expuestos a estas lesiones concurrieran tempranamente a centros de salud especializados en la atención del traumatismo dentoalveolar.
PALABRAS CLAVE: trauma dentoalveolar, dentición temporal, secuelas.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects produced in the permanent teeth after trauma affecting the supporting structures of teeth. The sample is 53 children beneficiaries of the Reference Center Odontopediátrico Simon Bolivar, ages 1 to 7 years who suffered injury of the anterior dentoalveolar trauma during the period 2005-2007 that was classified according to Andreasen: subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusive luxation, extrusive luxation and avulsion. The results obtained allow us to determine 20% of clinical sequelae in permanent successor teeth, with enamel opacities with 88% more frequent injuries, then the enamel hypoplasias reached 12%. Most of the injuries recorded as mild severity are of type (65%) and the percentage of teeth with clinical sequelae not changes significantly across the different diagnoses. The average age when children suffer the trauma and had sequelae was 4.7 years. No cases of extrusive luxation since there were no cases with sequelae. It is concluded that the permanent teeth that replace primary teeth that have suffered trauma such as intrusive luxation, subluxation, lateral luxation and avulsion, often have consequences that are expressed mainly as opacity and enamel hypoplasia. The aftermath of this trauma could be reduced if children exposed to these lesions are entered into early health centers specialized in the care of dentoalveolar trauma. KEY WORDS: dental trauma, primary teeth, sequelae.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects produced in the permanent teeth after trauma affecting the supporting structures of teeth. The sample is 53 children beneficiaries of the Reference Center Odontopediátrico Simon Bolivar, ages 1 to 7 years who suffered injury of the anterior dentoalveolar trauma during the period 2005-2007 that was classified according to Andreasen: subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusive luxation, extrusive luxation and avulsion. The results obtained allow us to determine 20% of clinical sequelae in permanent successor teeth, with enamel opacities with 88% more frequent injuries, then the enamel hypoplasias reached 12%. Most of the injuries recorded as mild severity are of type (65%) and the percentage of teeth with clinical sequelae not changes significantly across the different diagnoses. The average age when children suffer the trauma and had sequelae was 4.7 years. No cases of extrusive luxation since there were no cases with sequelae. It is concluded that the permanent teeth that replace primary teeth that have suffered trauma such as intrusive luxation, subluxation, lateral luxation and avulsion, often have consequences that are expressed mainly as opacity and enamel hypoplasia. The aftermath of this trauma could be reduced if children exposed to these lesions are entered into early health centers specialized in the care of dentoalveolar trauma. KEY WORDS: dental trauma, primary teeth, sequelae.
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Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo
Palabras clave
trauma dentoalveolar, dentición temporal, secuelas, dental trauma, primary teeth, sequelae.
Citación
International journal of odontostomatology. Vol. 6. N° 3, 2012.