Tensión entre el diseño y la implementación del programa de prevención comunitaria, con relación al perfil de ingreso de niños/as y adolescentes : na reflexión en el quehacer del trabajo social
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Fecha
2010
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En Chile las iniciativas destinadas a apoyar la protección de los Derechos de la
Infancia y Adolescencia han ido tomando diversas formas, una de estas son los
Programas de Prevención Comunitaria. Tras la implementación de estos programas un
nudo crítico es la tensión entre el perfil técnico y el perfil real de ingreso, de los
niños/as y adolescentes que participan en esta nueva modalidad. El propósito de la
presente investigación consistió en la caracterización de la experiencia práctica de la/s
percepciones y estrategias profesionales de los/as Trabajadores/as Sociales, frente a
la tensión entre perfil técnico y real de ingreso de niños/as y adolescentes, durante la
implementación de los Programas de Prevención Comunitaria. Metodológicamente la
investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo de carácter no experimental, debido que los
datos obtenidos para el análisis no son manipulados por las investigadoras. A su vez
se aplica una perspectiva de estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, primero por que no
existen datos previos de investigaciones similares, y descriptiva por que se realizará
una caracterización de las estrategias profesionales de los/as Trabajadores/as Sociales
que implementan los Programas de Prevención Comunitaria. El tipo de instrumento
utilizado para la recolección de información fue la entrevista Semi-estructurada, los/as
profesionales presentan su opinión con respecto al tema, pero sin desviar el punto
principal de la investigación. El proceso de análisis de datos devela un conocimiento
práctico que no ha sido sistematizado, lo que permitió llegar a las siguientes
conclusiones: (a) Reconocimiento de la existencia de la tensión entre los perfiles,
donde el mayor conflicto se encuentra la línea temática de la prevención. (b) Las
Trabajadoras Sociales entrevistadas reconocen efectos positivos y negativos para los
niños/as y adolescentes participantes de los Programas de Prevención Comunitaria.
Señalaron como positivo la experiencia de trabajar la temática de infancia y el
conocimiento práctico adquirido en el espacio local. Los efectos negativos la noexistencia
de lineamientos en común, debido a que cada programa interpreta de
manera distinta el perfil técnico planteado por SENAME. (c) Con respecto a las
estrategias profesionales los profesionales que trabajan en los Programas de
Prevención Comunitaria son reflexivos generan estrategias de acción para enfrentar la
tensión, no optan solo por quedarse en la crítica hacia los programas.
In Chile, the initiatives destined to support the protection of infancy and adolescence rights have taken several forms, one of them is the Program of Communitarian Prevention. After the implementation of these programs, a critical issue arises due to the tension between the technical profile and the real profile of children and adolescents that join these programs. This investigation consisted in the characterization of the Social Workers’ practical experiences’ perceptions and professional strategies when facing the tension between technical and real profiles of participants during the implementation of Programs of Communitarian Prevention. Methodologically, the investigation has a non-experimental qualitative focus, given that the researchers do not manipulate the data obtained for analysis. At the same time, a perspective of exploratory research and descriptive study is applied; exploratory and descriptive study. The samples for this research were two Programs of Communitarian Prevention where the focus of interest were the Social Workers and the information gathering tool was the semi-structured interview. The data analysis process revealed a practical knowledge that has not been systematized, allowing the following conclusions: A) Recognition of the existing tension between profiles, highlighting that this tension creates conflict in one important topic, prevention. At the same time, the analysis indicates that the technical profile is not accurate, due to the implementation of these programs in locations where children and adolescents’’ right are commonly abused, argument that supports the tension proposed in this investigation. B) The Social Workers interviewed recognize the positive and negative effects for participants of Programs of Communitarian Prevention. Among the positive findings, the interviewees mentioned the experience of working with the childhood subject and the practical knowledge acquired working in the physical location. On the other hand, the negative findings mentioned were the non-existence of a common description of the technical profile proposed by SENAME, allowing different interpretations by different programs. C) Regarding the professional strategies, the data showed that professionals working in the Programs of Communitarian Prevention are proactive given that they create action plans to face the tension, instead of only criticize the flaws of the programs.
In Chile, the initiatives destined to support the protection of infancy and adolescence rights have taken several forms, one of them is the Program of Communitarian Prevention. After the implementation of these programs, a critical issue arises due to the tension between the technical profile and the real profile of children and adolescents that join these programs. This investigation consisted in the characterization of the Social Workers’ practical experiences’ perceptions and professional strategies when facing the tension between technical and real profiles of participants during the implementation of Programs of Communitarian Prevention. Methodologically, the investigation has a non-experimental qualitative focus, given that the researchers do not manipulate the data obtained for analysis. At the same time, a perspective of exploratory research and descriptive study is applied; exploratory and descriptive study. The samples for this research were two Programs of Communitarian Prevention where the focus of interest were the Social Workers and the information gathering tool was the semi-structured interview. The data analysis process revealed a practical knowledge that has not been systematized, allowing the following conclusions: A) Recognition of the existing tension between profiles, highlighting that this tension creates conflict in one important topic, prevention. At the same time, the analysis indicates that the technical profile is not accurate, due to the implementation of these programs in locations where children and adolescents’’ right are commonly abused, argument that supports the tension proposed in this investigation. B) The Social Workers interviewed recognize the positive and negative effects for participants of Programs of Communitarian Prevention. Among the positive findings, the interviewees mentioned the experience of working with the childhood subject and the practical knowledge acquired working in the physical location. On the other hand, the negative findings mentioned were the non-existence of a common description of the technical profile proposed by SENAME, allowing different interpretations by different programs. C) Regarding the professional strategies, the data showed that professionals working in the Programs of Communitarian Prevention are proactive given that they create action plans to face the tension, instead of only criticize the flaws of the programs.
Notas
Tesis (Trabajador Social)
Palabras clave
Derechos del Niño, Aspectos Sociales, Programas Sociales, Trabajadores Sociales, Chile