Estudio patológico y evaluación funcional de los pavimentos rígidos de calles no intervenidas de la comuna de Santiago y recomendaciones de rehabilitación
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Fecha
2020
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Profesor/a Guía
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En casi 90 años, desde que se pavimentaron las primeras calles en Santiago, ha
aumentado significativamente la demanda de tránsito por ellas, tanto en volumen, como
en sobrecarga, lo cual ha originado una demanda por mantenimiento de las vías que, al
no haberse resuelto adecuadamente por las instituciones pertinentes, se ha traducido en
patologías que han disminuido su vida útil, ocasionando molestos daños a la ciudad y a
la sociedad. Es por esto, que el objetivo principal de este trabajo es estudiar dichas
patologías y proponer soluciones para su rehabilitación.
Para ello, se hizo una investigación bibliográfica de la estructura, usos, patologías
y soluciones de rehabilitación en los pavimentos de hormigón, para posteriormente,
identificar la zona de estudio con el propósito de seleccionar las calles a evaluar. Luego,
se empleó el método del Índice de Condición del Pavimento (PCI), con el fin de obtener
una evaluación y calificación objetiva de los pavimentos rígidos seleccionados.
Los resultados de la investigación realizada indican que la comuna de Santiago
tiene 108 calles con pavimentos rígidos. De ellas, se seleccionaron 13, en las cuales se
obtuvieron 96 unidades de muestreo. El resultado fue que el 40% de ellas se clasificaron
como “Regular”, el 26% como “Bueno”, el 20% como “Malo” y el 14% restante se divide
entre “Excelente”, “Muy Bueno” y “Muy Malo”. Además, se obtuvo que las patologías más
recurrentes fueron grietas de esquina, grietas transversales, parche deteriorado y losa
dividida. Estos resultados pueden deberse a un error de diseño estructural o a falta de
conservación, por parte de la Municipalidad de Santiago, quien, por falta de recursos,
aplica soluciones de conservación inadecuadas que nuevamente generan el deterioro, lo
cual impide que el pavimento cumpla el ciclo de vida para el cual se diseñó.
In almost 90 years, since the first streets in Santiago were paved, the demand for traffic on them has increased significantly, both in volume and in overload, which has led to a demand for maintenance of the roads that, not having been adequately resolved by the relevant institutions, has resulted in pathologies that have decreased their useful life, causing annoying damage to the city and society. For this reason, the main objective of this work is to study these pathologies and propose solutions for their rehabilitation. To this end, a bibliographic investigation was carried out on the structure, uses, pathologies and rehabilitation solutions in concrete pavements, to subsequently identify the study area with the purpose of selecting the streets to be evaluated. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method was then used to obtain an objective evaluation and qualification of the selected rigid pavements. The results of the research indicate that the commune of Santiago has 108 streets with rigid pavements. Of these, 13 were selected, in which 96 sampling units were obtained. The result was that 40% of them were classified as "Regular", 26% as "Good", 20% as "Bad" and the remaining 14% were divided between "Excellent", "Very Good" and "Very Bad". In addition, it was found that the most recurrent pathologies were corner cracks, transverse cracks, deteriorated patch and split slab. These results may be due to a structural design error or lack of conservation by the Municipality of Santiago, which, due to lack of resources, applies inadequate conservation solutions that again generate deterioration, preventing the pavement from fulfilling the life cycle for which it was designed.
In almost 90 years, since the first streets in Santiago were paved, the demand for traffic on them has increased significantly, both in volume and in overload, which has led to a demand for maintenance of the roads that, not having been adequately resolved by the relevant institutions, has resulted in pathologies that have decreased their useful life, causing annoying damage to the city and society. For this reason, the main objective of this work is to study these pathologies and propose solutions for their rehabilitation. To this end, a bibliographic investigation was carried out on the structure, uses, pathologies and rehabilitation solutions in concrete pavements, to subsequently identify the study area with the purpose of selecting the streets to be evaluated. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method was then used to obtain an objective evaluation and qualification of the selected rigid pavements. The results of the research indicate that the commune of Santiago has 108 streets with rigid pavements. Of these, 13 were selected, in which 96 sampling units were obtained. The result was that 40% of them were classified as "Regular", 26% as "Good", 20% as "Bad" and the remaining 14% were divided between "Excellent", "Very Good" and "Very Bad". In addition, it was found that the most recurrent pathologies were corner cracks, transverse cracks, deteriorated patch and split slab. These results may be due to a structural design error or lack of conservation by the Municipality of Santiago, which, due to lack of resources, applies inadequate conservation solutions that again generate deterioration, preventing the pavement from fulfilling the life cycle for which it was designed.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Pavimentos, Mantenimiento y Reparación, Chile, Santiago