Eficacia de la punción seca en el dolor y la funcionalidad en personas con artrosis de cadera : una revisión sistemática de la literatura
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2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Antecedentes: En Chile según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, realizada el año 2016 - 2017, para el grupo de 55 años y más, el 9% de la población tiene como diagnóstico la artrosis de cadera, siendo así una de las enfermedades articulares degenerativas más comunes. Los principales síntomas de la artrosis de cadera son dolor y pérdida funcional. En la actualidad, la artrosis de cadera, así como la artrosis de rodilla, se encuentran dentro de las garantías explícitas de salud (GES) y su manejo consta de tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico. Dentro del tratamiento no farmacológico se encuentra la fisioterapia. Para considerar exitoso en un tratamiento de rehabilitación se especifica que el usuario debe disminuir el dolor en al menos 2 puntos y aumentar la funcionalidad en al menos 1 punto. Sin embargo, en la actualidad se desconoce qué tratamiento es más efectivo para cumplir estos objetivos. Métodos: En esta investigación se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science y Scopus en septiembre del 2022. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se seleccionaron ensayos controlados aleatorios que involucraron PS en comparación con técnicas simuladas. La calidad de los estudios que se analizaron se evaluó con la escala PEDro y el riesgo de sesgo con la herramienta de la colaboración Cochrane. Resultados: Se incluyeron cuatro estudios de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que revisados en la investigación se obtuvo como resultado, que la mayor prevalencia de esta enfermedad está en el género femenino, entre los 39 a 77 años. La población tanto de intervención como de grupo control mostraron la disminución del dolor, en un rango considerable, medido con la escala EVA donde al principio del tratamiento se encontraron en rangos de 2,29 (+/-) 1,85 y posterior a la intervención, entre los rangos de 0,4 (+/-) 0,85. Con escala de WOMAC modificada para dolor, al principio del tratamiento presentaban 870 puntos y posterior a la intervención 696 puntos viéndose un aumento de la funcionalidad de 14,93 (+/-) 2,42 puntos con WOMAC-PF. Conclusiones: La evidencia encontrada es de baja calidad, sugiere que uno de los efectos positivos de la PS es una disminución en la intensidad del dolor y mejorar la función física a corto plazo en pacientes con artrosis de cadera. Se necesitan más investigaciones para determinar los efectos a mediano y largo plazo.
Background: In Chile according to the National Health Survey, conducted in 2016 - 2017, for the group of 55 years and older, 9% of the population has osteoarthritis of the hip as a diagnosis, thus being one of the most common degenerative joint diseases. At present, the (OAC) as well as knee osteoarthritis (OAR), are within the explicit health guarantees (GES) and their management consists of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Within the nonpharmacological treatment is physiotherapy. To be considered successful in a rehabilitation treatment, it is specified that the user must decrease pain by at least 2 points and increase functionality by at least 1 point. However, it is currently unknown which treatment is most effective in meeting these objectives. Methods: In this research, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials involving PS compared to sham techniques were selected to conduct this research. The quality of the studies analyzed was assessed with the PEDro scale and the risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Four studies of randomized clinical trials were included, and the results of the research showed that the highest prevalence of this disease is in the female gender, between 39 and 77 years of age. The population of both the intervention and control groups showed a considerable decrease in pain, in a considerable range, measured with the VAS scale where at the beginning of the treatment they were found in ranges of 2.29 (+/-) 1.85 and after the intervention, between the ranges of 0.4 (+/-) 0.85. With the modified WOMAC scale for pain, at the beginning of the treatment they presented 870 pts and after the intervention 696 pts, showing an increase in functionality of 14.93 (+/-) 2.42 pts with WOMAC-PF. Conclusions: The evidence found is of low quality, suggesting that one of the positive effects of PS is a decrease in pain intensity and improve physical function in the short term in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Further research is needed to determine the medium and longterm effects.
Background: In Chile according to the National Health Survey, conducted in 2016 - 2017, for the group of 55 years and older, 9% of the population has osteoarthritis of the hip as a diagnosis, thus being one of the most common degenerative joint diseases. At present, the (OAC) as well as knee osteoarthritis (OAR), are within the explicit health guarantees (GES) and their management consists of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Within the nonpharmacological treatment is physiotherapy. To be considered successful in a rehabilitation treatment, it is specified that the user must decrease pain by at least 2 points and increase functionality by at least 1 point. However, it is currently unknown which treatment is most effective in meeting these objectives. Methods: In this research, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials involving PS compared to sham techniques were selected to conduct this research. The quality of the studies analyzed was assessed with the PEDro scale and the risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Four studies of randomized clinical trials were included, and the results of the research showed that the highest prevalence of this disease is in the female gender, between 39 and 77 years of age. The population of both the intervention and control groups showed a considerable decrease in pain, in a considerable range, measured with the VAS scale where at the beginning of the treatment they were found in ranges of 2.29 (+/-) 1.85 and after the intervention, between the ranges of 0.4 (+/-) 0.85. With the modified WOMAC scale for pain, at the beginning of the treatment they presented 870 pts and after the intervention 696 pts, showing an increase in functionality of 14.93 (+/-) 2.42 pts with WOMAC-PF. Conclusions: The evidence found is of low quality, suggesting that one of the positive effects of PS is a decrease in pain intensity and improve physical function in the short term in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Further research is needed to determine the medium and longterm effects.
Notas
Proyecto de título (Licenciado en Kinesiología)
Palabras clave
Punción Seca, Artrosis de Cadera, Tratamiento