Efectos combinados del aumento de la temperatura del agua de mar y la contaminación lumínica artificial (ALAN) sobre el comportamiento y la condición fisiológica de un pez intermareal
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Fecha
2023
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
El estudio aborda la creciente preocupación sobre los efectos combinados de estresores
ambientales como el Calentamiento Global y la Contaminación Lumínica Artificial (ALAN) en
ecosistemas marinos, centrándose específicamente en Girella laevifrons, un pez intermareal
abundante en la costa chilena. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos controlados con juveniles de esta
especie recolectados en la zona de Quintay, Chile. Los peces fueron sometidos a dos diferentes
fotoperiodos: uno con 12 horas de luz natural seguido de 12 horas de ALAN, y otro con 12 horas de
luz natural seguido de 12 horas de oscuridad total como control. Además, cada uno de estos
fotoperiodos se aplicó a dos temperaturas distintas de agua de mar: 19±1°C y 23±1°C. En términos
de comportamiento, se evaluaron aspectos como la lateralización, audacia, ansiedad y actividad de
natación. Los resultados mostraron que estos parámetros conductuales no se vieron
significativamente influenciados por ALAN, la temperatura o la interacción entre ambos, sugiriendo
una cierta resiliencia de G. laevifrons a estas condiciones ambientales. Sin embargo, en el aspecto
fisiológico, se observaron cambios significativos. Los resultados mostraron que ni ALAN, ni la
temperatura, ni la interacción entre ambos tuvieron efecto sobre el consumo de alimento. El
consumo de oxígeno aumentó significativamente tanto con la exposición a ALAN como con el
aumento de la temperatura, y más aún cuando ambos factores se combinaron. Además, la eficiencia
de absorción de nutrientes también mostró incrementos significativos bajo condiciones de alta
temperatura y exposición a ALAN, llegando a aumentar hasta un 629,04% cuando ambos factores se
combinaron. Contrario a las expectalvas, las tasas de crecimiento de los peces resultaron ser
negalvas en todas las condiciones, lo que sugiere que, aunque la especie pueda mostrar cierta
resistencia a variaciones en condiciones ambientales, también podría estar enfrentando límites en
su capacidad de adaptación. El estudio finaliza enfalzando la necesidad de más inveslgaciones para
comprender estas complejas interacciones y su impacto tanto en las poblaciones como en los
ecosistemas marinos. Los hallazgos lenen implicaciones significalvas para la biología de los
organismos marinos y ofrecen información valiosa para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación
más eficaces en el contexto de cambios ambientales globales.
The study addresses the growing concern over the combined effects of environmental stressors such as Global Warming and Arlficial Light Pollulon (ALAN) on marine ecosystems, focusing specifically on Girella laevifrons, an interldal fish abundant on the Chilean coast. Controlled experiments were carried out with juveniles of this species collected in the Quintay area, Chile. The fish were subjected to two different photoperiods: one with 12 hours of natural light followed by 12 hours of ALAN, and another with 12 hours of natural light followed by 12 hours of total darkness as a control. In addilon, each of these photoperiods was applied at two different seawater temperatures: 19±1°C and 23±1°C. In terms of behavior, aspects such as lateralizalon, boldness, anxiety, and swimming aclvity were evaluated. The results showed that these behavioral parameters were not significantly influenced by ALAN, temperature, or the interaclon between both, suggeslng a certain resilience of G. laevifrons to these environmental condilons. However, significant physiological changes were observed. The results showed that neither ALAN, nor temperature, nor the interaclon between both had an effect on food consumplon. Oxygen consumplon increased significantly both with exposure to ALAN and with the increase in temperature, and even more so when both factors were combined. Addilonally, nutrient absorplon efficiency also showed significant increases under condilons of high temperature and exposure to ALAN, increasing up to 629,04% when both factors were combined. Contrary to expectalons, fish growth rates turned out to be negalve under all condilons, suggeslng that although the species may show some resistance to varialons in environmental condilons, it could also be facing limits in its adaplve capacity. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand these complex interaclons and their impact on both populalons and marine ecosystems. The findings have significant implicalons for the biology of marine organisms and offer valuable informalon for the development of more effeclve conservalon strategies in the context of global environmental changes.
The study addresses the growing concern over the combined effects of environmental stressors such as Global Warming and Arlficial Light Pollulon (ALAN) on marine ecosystems, focusing specifically on Girella laevifrons, an interldal fish abundant on the Chilean coast. Controlled experiments were carried out with juveniles of this species collected in the Quintay area, Chile. The fish were subjected to two different photoperiods: one with 12 hours of natural light followed by 12 hours of ALAN, and another with 12 hours of natural light followed by 12 hours of total darkness as a control. In addilon, each of these photoperiods was applied at two different seawater temperatures: 19±1°C and 23±1°C. In terms of behavior, aspects such as lateralizalon, boldness, anxiety, and swimming aclvity were evaluated. The results showed that these behavioral parameters were not significantly influenced by ALAN, temperature, or the interaclon between both, suggeslng a certain resilience of G. laevifrons to these environmental condilons. However, significant physiological changes were observed. The results showed that neither ALAN, nor temperature, nor the interaclon between both had an effect on food consumplon. Oxygen consumplon increased significantly both with exposure to ALAN and with the increase in temperature, and even more so when both factors were combined. Addilonally, nutrient absorplon efficiency also showed significant increases under condilons of high temperature and exposure to ALAN, increasing up to 629,04% when both factors were combined. Contrary to expectalons, fish growth rates turned out to be negalve under all condilons, suggeslng that although the species may show some resistance to varialons in environmental condilons, it could also be facing limits in its adaplve capacity. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand these complex interaclons and their impact on both populalons and marine ecosystems. The findings have significant implicalons for the biology of marine organisms and offer valuable informalon for the development of more effeclve conservalon strategies in the context of global environmental changes.
Notas
Tesis (Doctor en Medicina de la Conservación)
Financiamiento: Proyecto Fondecy N° 1171056 “Direct and indirect effects of artificial light pollution on a sandy beach arthropod guild”. Fondecyt N°1200794 “Multiple characteristics of artificial light pollution at night (ALAN) as drivers of change in sandy beach organisms” ambos del PI Dr. Cristian Duarte. Concurso de Proyectos de Iniciación a la Investigación UNAB “2019-2020”
Financiamiento: Proyecto Fondecy N° 1171056 “Direct and indirect effects of artificial light pollution on a sandy beach arthropod guild”. Fondecyt N°1200794 “Multiple characteristics of artificial light pollution at night (ALAN) as drivers of change in sandy beach organisms” ambos del PI Dr. Cristian Duarte. Concurso de Proyectos de Iniciación a la Investigación UNAB “2019-2020”
Palabras clave
Temperatura del Océano, Contaminación Lumínica, Peces, Comportamiento, Fisiología