Estudio de prefactibilidad técnico-económico para construcción de rampa, a fin de explorar y explotar minería subterránea en Mina el Dorado
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Fecha
2020
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se estudia la mina El Dorado, ubicada en la región de Coquimbo específicamente ubicada a un costado de la localidad de Ovalle. Este yacimiento fue explotado durante varios años con la metodología open pit, para extraer como producto principal Hierro. Hoy en día se analiza la opción de poder cambiar el método de explotación del yacimiento pasando de una operación de rajo abierto a una subterránea. Para realizar este drástico cambio, primero hay que construir el acceso principal hacia el yacimiento subterráneo. Para la construcción de esta rampa, existen un número considerable de variables para analizar, como lo es analizar el tipo de roca y sus comportamientos, dimensiones de la rampa de acceso, equipos para llevar a cabo la operación, fortificación, malla de perforación, sistema de ventilación, los diferentes servicios que prestan apoyo para el desarrollo del ciclo minero, tiempos de ciclo minero, inversiones, entre muchas más.En el desarrollo de este trabajo se analizaron los diferentes equipos para lograr una dimensión óptima de la rampa y sus diferentes frontones según los requerimientos que posean los equipos. También para realizar una buena tronadura se basó en los criterios de Ash y Pearce–Monsantopara burden y espaciamiento de los tiro de rainura, auxiliares, corona, caja y zapateras. Obteniendo una tronadura adecuada comienza el proceso de fortificación, en la cual en base al Q de Barton podemos definir una adecuada fortificación para la construcción de la rampa. Con todos estos datos recopilados se pudo estimar la duración del proyecto, como también los costos asociados a los diferentes servicios de las operaciones.
Open pit mining is becoming less profitable, which is why different studies and explorations nowadays aim to carry out underground excavations in order to access the different deposits. These types of scans can be carried out using different methods, from the simplest to the most sophisticated and expensive methods. For this it is necessary to carry out different pre–feasibility studies, which will be able to deliver as much data as possible for a subsequent analysis of cases. The construction of a ramp considerably facilitates access to a possible deposit that can be found underground, but the costs for the construction of this project are higher than some exploration methods. The advantage of the construction of the ramp is that if you find ore that is economically profitable, you will already have direct access to carry out the extraction of this material. For this construction it is necessary to take a considerable number of variables, first dimensioning the size and shape that the excavation will have for the circulation of the different equipment that will make possible the development of the work. Also, secondly, it is necessary to study the type of rock that we can find, in order to arrive at an optimal model of fortification and there are no risks either for the personnel or for the mining equipment. As a third point, the adequate number of workers who will carry out the project and the appropriate services to fulfill the mining cycle. The fourth point is to determine the drill mesh for the advance based on the type of rock and explosive that will be dealt with in the project. The points mentioned are just some of all the amount that can be found for the construction of a project of this magnitude.
Open pit mining is becoming less profitable, which is why different studies and explorations nowadays aim to carry out underground excavations in order to access the different deposits. These types of scans can be carried out using different methods, from the simplest to the most sophisticated and expensive methods. For this it is necessary to carry out different pre–feasibility studies, which will be able to deliver as much data as possible for a subsequent analysis of cases. The construction of a ramp considerably facilitates access to a possible deposit that can be found underground, but the costs for the construction of this project are higher than some exploration methods. The advantage of the construction of the ramp is that if you find ore that is economically profitable, you will already have direct access to carry out the extraction of this material. For this construction it is necessary to take a considerable number of variables, first dimensioning the size and shape that the excavation will have for the circulation of the different equipment that will make possible the development of the work. Also, secondly, it is necessary to study the type of rock that we can find, in order to arrive at an optimal model of fortification and there are no risks either for the personnel or for the mining equipment. As a third point, the adequate number of workers who will carry out the project and the appropriate services to fulfill the mining cycle. The fourth point is to determine the drill mesh for the advance based on the type of rock and explosive that will be dealt with in the project. The points mentioned are just some of all the amount that can be found for the construction of a project of this magnitude.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Proyectos de Inversión, Evaluación, Rampa, Minería Subterránea, Aspectos Económicos