Aislación, caracterización y determinación del potencial inmunomodulador de las vesículas extracelulares pequeñas derivadas del plasma del fluido menstrual provenientes de mujeres nulíparas y multíparas
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Archivos
Fecha
2023
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El embarazo es un desafío inmunológico para el sistema inmune materno. Los efectos del
embarazo sobre la inmunidad materna durante y después del embarazo no se conocen por
completo. Sin embargo, se ha reportado que, en embarazos posteriores, el sistema inmune de la
mujer desarrolla una memoria inmunológica, lo que facilita su regulación. Estos cambios en el
perfil inmunológico también se observan en la sangre menstrual. En efecto, las células
mononucleares presentes en el fluido menstrual proveniente de mujeres nulíparas y multíparas
muestran una firma inmunitaria distinta, mostrándose en multíparas un perfil de inmunotolerancia
mayor que las nulíparas. El perfil de inmunotolerancia desarrollado en donantes multíparas se
relaciona con los embarazos reiterados experimentados, los cuales afectan el fenotipo y las
frecuencias de las células mononucleares en el fluido menstrual, sin embargo, aún se desconoce
cómo se media este proceso.
Dentro de la comunicación entre células, hay un tipo de comunicación indirecta que es
mediada por vesículas extracelulares (EVs, del inglés Extracelular Vesicles). Las vesículas
extracelulares pequeñas (sEVs) son un subtipo de EVs que se caracteriza por su nanoestructura
y por su efecto modulador sobre la célula receptora mediante la entrega de su cargo. Estas son
secretadas por todas las células, incluyendo las células que componen el sistema inmune. En
inmunidad se sabe que las sEVs ejercen un rol en la comunicación intercelular, contribuyendo en
la regulación inmunológica.
Basado en estos antecedentes es que en este trabajo se estudia las sEVs derivadas del
plasma del fluido menstrual aislado de donantes nulíparas y multíparas que poseen un potencial
inmunomodulador.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo aislar y caracterizar las sEVs derivados del plasma del
fluido menstrual proveniente de donantes nulíparas y multíparas y definir su potencial
inmunomodulador en linfocitos. Para esto, se estableció un protocolo de aislación de sEVs de
plasma de fluido menstrual. Las sEVs aisladas fueron caracterizadas, observándose diferencias
en su composición y firma inmunológica dependiendo de si provienen de mujeres nulíparas o
multíparas
Pregnancy is an immunological challenge for the maternal immune system. The effects of pregnancy on maternal immunity during and after pregnancy are not completely described. However, during subsequent pregnancies women develop an immunological memory, which facilitates its regulation. These changes in the immune profile are also observed in menstrual blood. Interestingly, the mononuclear cells present in menstrual fluid from nulliparous and multiparous women show a different immune signature. Multiparous women show a higher immunotolerance than nulliparous women. The immunotolerance developed in multiparous donors is related to the repeated pregnancies experiences, which impact on the phenotype and frequencies of mononuclear cells in the menstrual fluid. However, it is still unknown how this process is mediated. Within cell-to-cell communication, one type of indirect communication is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a subtype of EVs characterized by their nanostructure and their modulatory effect on the host cell by delivering their cargo. They are secreted by the majority of mammalian cells, including those that make up the immune system. In immunity, sEVs are known to play a role in intercellular communication, contributing to immune regulation. Based on this background, this work studied sEVs derived from the plasma of menstrual fluid isolated from nulliparous and multiparous donors, focusing on their immunomodulatory potential. This study aims to isolate and characterize sEVs derived from the plasma of menstrual fluid either from nulliparous or multiparous donors, and to determine their immunomodulatory potential on lymphocytes. For this purpose, a protocol for the isolation of sEVs from menstrual fluid plasma has been previously standardized. Thus, the isolated sEVs were characterized, observing differences in their composition and immunological signature depending on whether they come from nulliparous or multiparous women.
Pregnancy is an immunological challenge for the maternal immune system. The effects of pregnancy on maternal immunity during and after pregnancy are not completely described. However, during subsequent pregnancies women develop an immunological memory, which facilitates its regulation. These changes in the immune profile are also observed in menstrual blood. Interestingly, the mononuclear cells present in menstrual fluid from nulliparous and multiparous women show a different immune signature. Multiparous women show a higher immunotolerance than nulliparous women. The immunotolerance developed in multiparous donors is related to the repeated pregnancies experiences, which impact on the phenotype and frequencies of mononuclear cells in the menstrual fluid. However, it is still unknown how this process is mediated. Within cell-to-cell communication, one type of indirect communication is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a subtype of EVs characterized by their nanostructure and their modulatory effect on the host cell by delivering their cargo. They are secreted by the majority of mammalian cells, including those that make up the immune system. In immunity, sEVs are known to play a role in intercellular communication, contributing to immune regulation. Based on this background, this work studied sEVs derived from the plasma of menstrual fluid isolated from nulliparous and multiparous donors, focusing on their immunomodulatory potential. This study aims to isolate and characterize sEVs derived from the plasma of menstrual fluid either from nulliparous or multiparous donors, and to determine their immunomodulatory potential on lymphocytes. For this purpose, a protocol for the isolation of sEVs from menstrual fluid plasma has been previously standardized. Thus, the isolated sEVs were characterized, observing differences in their composition and immunological signature depending on whether they come from nulliparous or multiparous women.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Tolerancia Inmunológica, Embarazo, Sangre, Plasma, Vesículas Extracelulares