Caracterización hidrogeológica de aguas subterráneas, análisis de vulnerabilidad y cartografía de riesgo del acuífero Bíobío medio en la ciudad de Los Angeles, región del Bíobío, Chile
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Fecha
2021
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El agua subterránea es una de las principales fuentes de
abastecimiento para la población urbana y rural y, tambien
para el riego, ya que es esencial para elevar la productividad y
asegurar la producción agrícola.
El área de estudio se encuentra ubicada en la región del Biobio,
en la cual se distinguen dos unidades hidrogeológicas
principales que presentan características favorables (DGA,
2012): Depósitos no consolidados conformados por gravas y
arenas polimícticas de origen principalmente volcánico y,
sedimentos de origen glacio-lacustre conformados por clastos
angulosos, predominantemente volcánicos.
En la presente memoria de título se propuso evaluar el riesgo
de contaminación del agua subterránea del acuífero Biobio
Medio, a través de la superposición de un mapa de
vulnerabilidad del acuífero, con un inventario de cargas
contaminantes usando el método POSH y en función a esto,
elaborar una cartografía de riesgo con el fin de priorizar
medidas en la protección de este recurso.
Los métodos utilizados para evaluar la vulnerabilidad son:
DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1987) y GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987);
el desarrollo de estas metodologías es una valiosa herramienta
para la planificación del uso del suelo y el agua.
Finalmente, se determinó que en la mayor parte del acuifero
existe riesgo de contaminación intermedio (45.67%) y alto
(28.58%), los cuales corresponden al sub-acuífero 2 y, riesgo
moderado (25.5%) correspondiente al sub-acuífero 3.
Groundwater is one of the main sources of supply for the urban and rural population, and also for irrigation, since it is essential to increase productivity and ensure agricultural production. The study area is located in the Biobio región, in which two main hydrogeological units are dintinguished that present favorable characteristics (DGA, 2012): Unconsolidated deposits made up of gravel and polymictic sands of mainly volcanic origin and, sediments of glacial-lacustrine origin made up of angular clasts, predominantly volcanic. In the present title memory it was proposed that an assessment be done of the risk of groundwater contamination of the Biobio Medio aquifer through the superimposition of a vulnerability map of the aquifer with an inventory of pollutant loads by the POSH method, and based on this, develop a risk mapping in order to prioritize measures in the protection of this resource. The methods used to assess vulnerability are: DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1987) and GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987); the development of these methodologies is a valuable tool for planning land and water use. Finally, it was determined that in most of the aquifer there is an intermediate risk of contamination (45.67%) and high (28.58%), which correspond to sub-aquifer 2 and a moderate risk (25.5%) corresponding to sub-aquifer 3.
Groundwater is one of the main sources of supply for the urban and rural population, and also for irrigation, since it is essential to increase productivity and ensure agricultural production. The study area is located in the Biobio región, in which two main hydrogeological units are dintinguished that present favorable characteristics (DGA, 2012): Unconsolidated deposits made up of gravel and polymictic sands of mainly volcanic origin and, sediments of glacial-lacustrine origin made up of angular clasts, predominantly volcanic. In the present title memory it was proposed that an assessment be done of the risk of groundwater contamination of the Biobio Medio aquifer through the superimposition of a vulnerability map of the aquifer with an inventory of pollutant loads by the POSH method, and based on this, develop a risk mapping in order to prioritize measures in the protection of this resource. The methods used to assess vulnerability are: DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1987) and GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987); the development of these methodologies is a valuable tool for planning land and water use. Finally, it was determined that in most of the aquifer there is an intermediate risk of contamination (45.67%) and high (28.58%), which correspond to sub-aquifer 2 and a moderate risk (25.5%) corresponding to sub-aquifer 3.
Notas
Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Acuíferos, Contaminación del Agua, Aguas Subterráneas, Chile, Los Angeles