Comparación del método del hidrograma unitario sintético de la USM con el método del hidrograma unitario instantáneo de Clark, para la cuenca aportante al embalse Chironta en la región de Arica y Parinacota
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2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El presente trabajo compara hidrogramas de crecidas en cuencas de gran tamaño en la zona Norte de Chile, usando dos
métodos para obtener el Hidrograma Unitario Sintético (HUS) y, un método para obtener la propagación de ondas de crecida
(Muskingum).
La metodología propuesta obtiene los parámetros geomorfológicos de la cuenca de estudio y los datos pluviométricos de los
últimos 40 años, con el propósito de estimar los hidrogramas unitarios sintéticos determinados en base a la tesis de Girardi
B. (2017) y compararla con el método universal de Clark (Sánchez F., 2013). Esta metodología fue implementada en la
cuenca aportante al embalse Chironta, ubicada en la Región de Arica y Parinacota, la cual tiene un área de 2537 km2. Esta
zona presenta algunas precipitaciones extremas, que han causado crecidas importantes en el rio Lluta.
Finalmente, se obtuvieron los hidrogramas de crecidas para los métodos previamente mencionados, los cuales fueron
comparados mediante los índices de tiempo al máximo, caudal máximo y tiempo base, obteniendo que, los valores de
mayor magnitud de tiempo al máximo y tiempo base de los hidrogramas se concentran al usar el método de Clark, en un 97
% y un 100%, respectivamente, en cambio, los valores de mayor magnitud del caudal máximo se concentran en un 92%, al
usar el método de la USM.
The present work seeks to compare flood hydrographs in large basins in the North of Chile, using two methods to obtain the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HUS), and a method to obtain the propagation of flood waves (Muskingum). The proposed methodology begins by obtaining the geomorphological parameters of the study basin and the rainfall data of the last 40 years, with the purpose of estimating the synthetic unit hydrographs determined based on the thesis of Girardi B. (2017) of the Universidad Federico Santa Maria (USM) and compare it with Clark's universal method Sánchez F. (2013). This methodology was implemented in the contributing basin to the Chironta reservoir, located in the Arica and Parinacota Region, which has an area of 2,537 km2. This area has some extreme rainfall, which has caused significant flooding in the Lluta River Finally, the flood hydrographs were obtained for the previously mentioned methods, which were compared by means of the indices of time to maximum, maximum flow and time base, obtaining that the values of greater magnitude of time to maximum and time base of the hydrographs they are concentrated when using the Clark method, in 97% and 100%, respectively, on the other hand, the values of greater magnitude of the maximum flow are concentrated in 92%, when using the USM method.
The present work seeks to compare flood hydrographs in large basins in the North of Chile, using two methods to obtain the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HUS), and a method to obtain the propagation of flood waves (Muskingum). The proposed methodology begins by obtaining the geomorphological parameters of the study basin and the rainfall data of the last 40 years, with the purpose of estimating the synthetic unit hydrographs determined based on the thesis of Girardi B. (2017) of the Universidad Federico Santa Maria (USM) and compare it with Clark's universal method Sánchez F. (2013). This methodology was implemented in the contributing basin to the Chironta reservoir, located in the Arica and Parinacota Region, which has an area of 2,537 km2. This area has some extreme rainfall, which has caused significant flooding in the Lluta River Finally, the flood hydrographs were obtained for the previously mentioned methods, which were compared by means of the indices of time to maximum, maximum flow and time base, obtaining that the values of greater magnitude of time to maximum and time base of the hydrographs they are concentrated when using the Clark method, in 97% and 100%, respectively, on the other hand, the values of greater magnitude of the maximum flow are concentrated in 92%, when using the USM method.
Notas
Proyecto de Título (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Caudales, Mediciones, Pluviometría, Embalses, Chile, Región de Arica y Parinacota