Análisis de soluciones constructivas para la rehabilitación energética en centros educacionales emplazados en Santiago de Chile mediante el software Designbuilder
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Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La nula existencia de normas que regulen la eficiencia energética de
establecimientos educacionales y la limitada regulación en torno al confort ambiental
fueron puntos que abrieron paso a evaluar múltiples soluciones constructivas para
mejorar una edificación estudiantil tipo ubicada en Santiago de Chile. Gracias a esto, se
verificó que la reglamentación actual no es suficiente para un óptimo confort higrotérmico
en el establecimiento, puesto que el Decreto Supremo N°548 que solo exige una
temperatura mínima interior de 12°C no bastó para generar suficientes horas de confort
durante el periodo de invierno. Mediante el software DesignBuilder se aplicaron cuatro
mejoras constructivas distintas al establecimiento, estas fueron consideradas en los
acristalamientos, muros, techumbre de la envolvente y una última mejora donde se
consideró la implementación de las tres soluciones mencionadas anteriormente. Los
resultados obtenidos una vez consideradas estas mejoras fueron alentadores, ya que, se
logró mejorar la transmitancia térmica de la envolvente y así aumentar la temperatura
interior del establecimiento junto a un aumento de las horas de confort de la edificación,
donde se superó el 80% de las horas totales en algunas zonas del colegio. No obstante,
todas estas mejoras fueron consideradas aplicando la reglamentación térmica de edificios
habitacionales, permitiendo contrastar que utilizar dicha reglamentación mejora el confort
higrotérmico dentro de un establecimiento educacional y puede ser aplicada en este tipo
de edificios, frente a la necesidad de crear una reglamentación propia para
establecimientos educacionales o bien ampliar alguna reglamentación donde se involucre
dichos edificios estudiantiles.
The null existence of standards that regulate the energy efficiency of educational establishments and the limited regulation around environmental comfort were points that opened the way to evaluate multiple constructive solutions to improve a typical student building located in Santiago de Chile. Thanks to this, it was verified that the current regulations are not sufficient for optimal hygrothermal comfort in the establishment, since Supreme Decree N°548 that only requires a minimum interior temperature of 12°C was not enough to generate enough hours of comfort during the winter period. Through the DesignBuilder software, four different constructive improvements were applied to the establishment, these were considered in the glazing, walls, roof of the envelope and a last improvement where the implementation of the three solutions mentioned above was considered. The results obtained once these improvements were considered were encouraging, since it was possible to improve the thermal transmittance of the envelope and thus increase the interior temperature of the establishment together with an increase in the hours of comfort of the building, where 80% of the total hours were exceeded in some areas of the school. However, all these improvements were considered applying the thermal regulation of residential buildings, allowing to contrast that using this regulation improves hygrothermal comfort within an educational establishment and can be applied in this type of buildings, against the need to create its own regulations for educational establishments or expand some regulation where these student buildings are involved.
The null existence of standards that regulate the energy efficiency of educational establishments and the limited regulation around environmental comfort were points that opened the way to evaluate multiple constructive solutions to improve a typical student building located in Santiago de Chile. Thanks to this, it was verified that the current regulations are not sufficient for optimal hygrothermal comfort in the establishment, since Supreme Decree N°548 that only requires a minimum interior temperature of 12°C was not enough to generate enough hours of comfort during the winter period. Through the DesignBuilder software, four different constructive improvements were applied to the establishment, these were considered in the glazing, walls, roof of the envelope and a last improvement where the implementation of the three solutions mentioned above was considered. The results obtained once these improvements were considered were encouraging, since it was possible to improve the thermal transmittance of the envelope and thus increase the interior temperature of the establishment together with an increase in the hours of comfort of the building, where 80% of the total hours were exceeded in some areas of the school. However, all these improvements were considered applying the thermal regulation of residential buildings, allowing to contrast that using this regulation improves hygrothermal comfort within an educational establishment and can be applied in this type of buildings, against the need to create its own regulations for educational establishments or expand some regulation where these student buildings are involved.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Establecimientos Educacionales, Conservación de la Energía, Eficiencia Energética