Propuesta de aplicación y adaptación de la “ROM 5.1. calidad de las aguas litorales en áreas portuarias", respecto a la realidad nacional, mediante estudio a la realidad nacional, mediante estudio piloto al Puerto Valparaíso
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Fecha
2021
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El progresivo aumento de demanda sobre los recursos costeros ha llevado a los espacios litorales a una
transformación, la cual se ha traducido, entre otros efectos, en el deterioro de la calidad del agua, la
disminución de los recursos hídricos y la sobreexplotación de recursos pesqueros, entre otros (Ondiviela,
2006).
Siendo los terminales portuarios parte de esta realidad, la gran actividad que en ellos se desarrolla, así
como la necesidad de mejorar los servicios que prestan y ordenar su entorno, demandan la creación y
modernización de su infraestructura e instalaciones.
Es por ello que, el presente documento tiene por objetivo establecer una propuesta de aplicación
mediante la adaptación de la ROM 5.1 “Calidad de las Aguas Litorales en Áreas Portuarias” para
evaluar las condiciones en que se encuentra el recurso hídrico portuario en el caso estudio del Puerto de
Valparaíso, Chile. Permitiendo así definir nuevas líneas de trabajo a seguir por las autoridades portuarias
para la gestión y control de sus aguas, recolectando datos y previniendo sucesos contaminantes.
Para la realización de este trabajo, se consideró la base de datos de 2014 entregada por el Programa de
Observación de Ambiente Litoral (POAL) de la Armada de Chile, el cual tiene estaciones de muestreo
en la Bahía de Valparaíso, cercanos al puerto. Para comenzar a construir la propuesta de aplicación se
realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica, en la cual se pretende hallar todo el marco normativo nacional
vigente vinculado al cuidado de la calidad de las aguas en espacios portuarios, con el fin de poder
comparar con la ROM 5.1, encontrándose así las brechas y similitudes para la aplicación de esta norma
en territorio chileno.
La propuesta de aplicación mediante la adaptación según la información adquirida para el Puerto de
Valparaíso determina en primer lugar la Zona de Servicio Portuario (ZSP) y se ponen en práctica los
cuatro programas en los que se estructura la ROM 5.1 mediante su debida adaptación. El primer
programa, clasificado como “Programa de Delimitación de Usos y Tipificación de masas de Agua”,
determina la existencia 3 Unidades de Gestión Acuática portuaria (UGAP): natural costera de fondo
blando (N4), muy modificada de baja renovación de fondo blando (M2) y muy modificada de
renovación aceptable de fondo blando (M4).
Este y otros resultados del estudio serán discutidos en las conclusiones, determinando que la propuesta
de la aplicación mediante la adopción realizada al puerto estudio fue exitosa pese a las brechas
descubiertas, tanto de índole legal como técnica, así como también la responsabilidad institucional de la
gestión de las aguas marinas en zonas portuarias.
The progressive increase in demand on coastal resources has led to a transformation of coastal areas, which has resulted, among other effects, in the deterioration of water quality, the reduction of water resources and the overexploitation of fishing resources, among others (Ondiviela, 2006). Being port terminals part of this reality, the great activity that takes place in them, as well as the need to improve the services they provide and to organize their environment, demand the creation and modernization of their infrastructure and facilities. For this reason, the present document aims to establish an application proposal by adapting ROM 5.1 "Quality of Coastal Waters in Port Areas" to evaluate the conditions of port water resources in the case study of the Port of Valparaíso, Chile. This will allow defining new lines of work to be followed by the port authorities for the management and control of their waters, collecting data and preventing polluting events. For the realization of this work, the 2014 database provided by the Coastal Environment Observation Program (POAL) of the Chilean Navy, which has sampling stations in the Bay of Valparaiso, near the port, was considered. In order to start building the application proposal, a bibliographic search is carried out, in which it is intended to find all the current national regulatory framework related to the care of water quality in port areas, in order to compare with the ROM 5.1, thus finding the gaps and similarities for the application of this standard in Chilean territory. The proposal of application through the adaptation according to the information acquired for the Port of Valparaíso first determines the Port Service Zone (PSZ) and puts into practice the four programs in which the ROM 5.1 is structured through its due adaptation. The first program, classified as "Program for the Delimitation of Uses and Typification of Water Bodies", determines the existence of 3 Port Aquatic Management Units (UGAP): natural coastal soft bottom (N4), highly modified low renewal soft bottom (M2) and highly modified acceptable renewal soft bottom (M4). This and other results of the study will be discussed in the conclusions, determining that the proposed application through the adoption made to the study port was successful despite the gaps discovered, both legal and technical, as well as the institutional responsibility for the management of marine waters in port areas
The progressive increase in demand on coastal resources has led to a transformation of coastal areas, which has resulted, among other effects, in the deterioration of water quality, the reduction of water resources and the overexploitation of fishing resources, among others (Ondiviela, 2006). Being port terminals part of this reality, the great activity that takes place in them, as well as the need to improve the services they provide and to organize their environment, demand the creation and modernization of their infrastructure and facilities. For this reason, the present document aims to establish an application proposal by adapting ROM 5.1 "Quality of Coastal Waters in Port Areas" to evaluate the conditions of port water resources in the case study of the Port of Valparaíso, Chile. This will allow defining new lines of work to be followed by the port authorities for the management and control of their waters, collecting data and preventing polluting events. For the realization of this work, the 2014 database provided by the Coastal Environment Observation Program (POAL) of the Chilean Navy, which has sampling stations in the Bay of Valparaiso, near the port, was considered. In order to start building the application proposal, a bibliographic search is carried out, in which it is intended to find all the current national regulatory framework related to the care of water quality in port areas, in order to compare with the ROM 5.1, thus finding the gaps and similarities for the application of this standard in Chilean territory. The proposal of application through the adaptation according to the information acquired for the Port of Valparaíso first determines the Port Service Zone (PSZ) and puts into practice the four programs in which the ROM 5.1 is structured through its due adaptation. The first program, classified as "Program for the Delimitation of Uses and Typification of Water Bodies", determines the existence of 3 Port Aquatic Management Units (UGAP): natural coastal soft bottom (N4), highly modified low renewal soft bottom (M2) and highly modified acceptable renewal soft bottom (M4). This and other results of the study will be discussed in the conclusions, determining that the proposed application through the adoption made to the study port was successful despite the gaps discovered, both legal and technical, as well as the institutional responsibility for the management of marine waters in port areas
Notas
Proyecto de título (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Calidad del Agua, Normas, Puertos, Chile, Valparaíso