Bioacumulación de metilmercurio en tejido muscular de trucha arcoíris : efectos de contaminación antropogénica y natural en el Lago Chungará
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El mercurio (Hg) es un elemento que proviene de fuentes tanto naturales como
antropogénicas, donde es usado principalmente por la actividad minera a baja
escala. El metilmercurio (MeHg) es un compuesto orgánico de Hg que tiene la
capacidad de avanzar por la cadena trófica hasta llegar a los depredadores tope
como el humano y presentar neurotoxicidad en el organismo, debido a la
bioacumulación de este. En Chile se encuentra el lago Chungará, cuyo pasado
estuvo marcado por el colapso del volcán Parinacota y por la actividad minera
desde tiempos precolombinos hasta la fecha. La introducción de la trucha arcoíris
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) en este cuerpo de agua ha supuesto un peligro para las
especies endémicas de este lago como la Orestias chungarensis. Debido a que
la extracción de esta especie es principalmente para consumo humano y el lago
tiene un largo historial de contaminación por metales, este trabajo cuantifica
MeHg en tejido muscular de trucha arcoíris y además incluye análisis de isotopos
estables de δ 15N y δ13C corregido, complementado con la morfometría en 3 sitios de
captura de la cuenca del lago Chungará. Se encontraron diferencias significativas
al comparar el largo, peso, factor de condición, MeHg y δ 15N de las truchas
capturadas del lago con respecto al sitio desembocadura y río, sugiriendo que las
concentraciones de MeHg obtenidas son debido a la bioacumulación en el tejido
muscular. Por último se recomienda no consumir truchas con tallas superiores a
las 22.74 cm ya que no cumplirían con los estándares fijados por la normativa
chilena.
Mercury (Hg) is an element that comes from both natural and anthropogenic sources, where it is used mainly by small-scale mining activity. Methylmercury (MeHg), an organic form of Hg; it has the ability to bioaccumulate through the trophic chain until it reaches top predators, such as humans, showing neurotoxic adverse effects. The Chungará Lake, in Arica and Parinacota Region,Chile , has had a history of Parinacota’s volcanic activity, which might be a natural source of Hg. Rainbow trout was introduce into this water body for fisheries purposes, feeding extensively endemic species such as Orestias chungarensis. Since the extraction is mainly for human feeding, this aims to evaluate MeHg muscle concentration on rainbow trout, together with analysis of stable isotopes of δ15N and δ13Ccorrected, complemented with morphometry in 3 sites of the Chungará lake basin. Significant differences were found when comparing length, weight, condition factor, MeHg and δ15N of the trout captured from the lake with respect to the river mouth and river, suggesting that the concentrations of MeHg obtained are due to bioaccumulation in the muscle tissue. Finally, it is recommended to not consume trout with sizes greater than 22.74 cm, because, they wouldn’t satisfy the standards set by Chilean regulation.
Mercury (Hg) is an element that comes from both natural and anthropogenic sources, where it is used mainly by small-scale mining activity. Methylmercury (MeHg), an organic form of Hg; it has the ability to bioaccumulate through the trophic chain until it reaches top predators, such as humans, showing neurotoxic adverse effects. The Chungará Lake, in Arica and Parinacota Region,Chile , has had a history of Parinacota’s volcanic activity, which might be a natural source of Hg. Rainbow trout was introduce into this water body for fisheries purposes, feeding extensively endemic species such as Orestias chungarensis. Since the extraction is mainly for human feeding, this aims to evaluate MeHg muscle concentration on rainbow trout, together with analysis of stable isotopes of δ15N and δ13Ccorrected, complemented with morphometry in 3 sites of the Chungará lake basin. Significant differences were found when comparing length, weight, condition factor, MeHg and δ15N of the trout captured from the lake with respect to the river mouth and river, suggesting that the concentrations of MeHg obtained are due to bioaccumulation in the muscle tissue. Finally, it is recommended to not consume trout with sizes greater than 22.74 cm, because, they wouldn’t satisfy the standards set by Chilean regulation.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Truchas, Contaminación, Compuestos Metilmercurio, Efectos Adversos, Chile, Lago Chungurá