DescripciĆ³n del neotipo de la ranita de Darwin del norte, Rhinoderma rufum (Philippi 1902)
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2023
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es
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Universidad AndrƩs Bello
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Resumen
Las ranitas de Darwin, Rhinoderma darwinii y R. rufum, son especies hermanas actualmente Ćŗnicas en el mundo debido a su estrategia de cuidado parental, denominado neomelia, que consiste en que es el macho quien se encarga del cuidado de las crĆas al introducirlas en su saco bucal. Estas especies se distribuyen en la zona austral de SudamĆ©rica, en ambientes templados, boscosos y hĆŗmedos o cercanos a arroyos, siendo R. rufum endĆ©mica sĆ³lo de Chile, mientras R. darwinii se distribuye igualmente en Argentina. Se han visto afectadas negativamente las poblaciones de ambas especies en las Ćŗltimas dĆ©cadas debido a diferentes factores, tanto ambientales, como el cambio climĆ”tico, o humanos como lo son la destrucciĆ³n de hĆ”bitat debido a plantaciones de Ć”rboles que reemplazan Ć”rboles nativos y el avance de la urbanizaciĆ³n, sumado, igualmente, a la enfermedad infecciosa quitridiomicosis. Lo anterior ha dado como resultado el estado de En Peligro (EN) en el caso de R. darwinii y En Peligro CrĆtico (CR) y Posiblemente Extinta (PE) en el de R. rufum, que no se ha avistado desde la dĆ©cada de los ochenta.
Es por la necesidad de definir el estatus taxonĆ³mico de R. rufum, sumado a la pĆ©rdida de su holotipo y primer neotipo, que es necesario redescribir otro neotipo para esta especie, para lo cual se procediĆ³ a la bĆŗsqueda en bases de datos de colecciones zoolĆ³gicas del espĆ©cimen que cumpla con los caracteres morfolĆ³gicos y morfomĆ©tricos adecuados para ser propuesto como neotipo, segĆŗn literatura cientĆfica y las condiciones dadas por la ComisiĆ³n Internacional en Nomenclatura ZoolĆ³gica. Como resultado se escogieron paratipos de la serie original del neotipo, pertenecientes al MusĆ©um national dĀ“Histoire naturelle (MNHN) de Paris. Concluyendo en la factibilidad de encontrar un neotipo con ayuda de material bibliogrĆ”fico.
Darwin's frogs, Rhinoderma darwinii and R. rufum, are sister species currently unique in the world due to their parental care strategy, called neomelia, which consists of the male taking care of the young by introducing them into its buccal sac. These species are distributed in the southern part of South America, in temperate, forested and humid environments or close to streams, with R. rufum being endemic only to Chile, while R. darwinii also distributed in Argentina. The populations of both species have been negatively affected in recent decades due to different factors, like environmental factors such as climate change, or human factors, such as habitat destruction due to tree plantations that replace native trees and the advance of urbanization, added to the infectious disease chytridiomycosis. This has resulted in the status of Endangered (EN) in the case of R. darwinii and Critically Endangered (CR) and Possibly Extinct (PE) in the case of R. rufum, which has not been sighted since the eighties. It is due to the need to define the taxonomic status of R. rufum, added to the loss of its holotype and first neotype, that it is necessary to redescribe another neotype for this species, for which a search was carried out in databases of zoological collections to find the specimen that meets the appropriate morphological and morphometric characteristics to be proposed as a neotype, according to scientific literature and the conditions given by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. As a result, paratypes were chosen from the original series of the neotype, belonging to the MusƩum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in Paris. Concluding in the feasibility of finding a neotype with the help of bibliographic material.
Darwin's frogs, Rhinoderma darwinii and R. rufum, are sister species currently unique in the world due to their parental care strategy, called neomelia, which consists of the male taking care of the young by introducing them into its buccal sac. These species are distributed in the southern part of South America, in temperate, forested and humid environments or close to streams, with R. rufum being endemic only to Chile, while R. darwinii also distributed in Argentina. The populations of both species have been negatively affected in recent decades due to different factors, like environmental factors such as climate change, or human factors, such as habitat destruction due to tree plantations that replace native trees and the advance of urbanization, added to the infectious disease chytridiomycosis. This has resulted in the status of Endangered (EN) in the case of R. darwinii and Critically Endangered (CR) and Possibly Extinct (PE) in the case of R. rufum, which has not been sighted since the eighties. It is due to the need to define the taxonomic status of R. rufum, added to the loss of its holotype and first neotype, that it is necessary to redescribe another neotype for this species, for which a search was carried out in databases of zoological collections to find the specimen that meets the appropriate morphological and morphometric characteristics to be proposed as a neotype, according to scientific literature and the conditions given by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. As a result, paratypes were chosen from the original series of the neotype, belonging to the MusƩum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in Paris. Concluding in the feasibility of finding a neotype with the help of bibliographic material.
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Tesis (Licenciada en BiologĆa)
Palabras clave
Ranita de Darwin, TaxonomĆa ZoolĆ³gica, Anfibios, ConservaciĆ³n, Especies en Peligro, Chile, IdentificaciĆ³n.