Las estrategias del trabajo psicosocial con familias en centros residenciales de la red SENAME: miradas de actores relevantes en materia de infancia institucionalizada
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2018
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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A continuación, el presente trabajo plantea en su primera parte una serie de interrogantes que aparecen formuladas en el planteamiento del problema que es objeto de investigación. Para continuar en una segunda parte, definiendo los objetivos propuestos y algunos supuestos que otorguen una mirada crítica y reflexiva a la problemática planteada. En tercer lugar, se expone una revisión de antecedentes bibliográficos y de trabajos previos efectuados en la materia de estudio que permiten dar cuenta del estado de las investigaciones que versan sobre el tema. En un cuarto apartado, se explicitan las bases metodológicas que guiarán el proceso de investigación, para concluir finalmente con el plan de análisis de los resultados, discutiéndolos a la luz de los antecedentes teóricos y empíricos. El trabajo psicosocial con familias de niños, niñas y adolescentes gravemente vulnerados en sus derechos e ingresados a los sistemas proteccionales residenciales, se constituye en uno de los principales ejes en los que se sustentan las acciones orientadas a la preservación, fortalecimiento y reintegración de los niños(as) a su núcleo familiar de origen. Sin embargo, en la materialización de dicho trabajo psicosocial convergen visiones, acciones y voluntades de distintos actores implicados en las políticas dirigidas a la infancia vulnerada. Entre ellos, cabe destacar el rol que les compete a las instituciones privadas colaboradoras de SENAME, a través de sus profesionales trabajadores sociales y psicólogos, supervisores técnicos de SENAME, y jueces de Tribunales de Familia. De allí la relevancia de conocer el significado que otorgan estos actores al trabajo psicosocial con familias, a partir de su visión de las acciones legales, técnicas, teóricas y prácticas, que remiten a dicha intervención; siendo necesario de manera permanente analizar las estrategias de trabajo con familias de modo de asegurar que la calidad de la atención brindada a los niños institucionalizados y a sus familias, sea un facilitador de la reunificación familiar en el breve plazo.
Los hallazgos aquí plasmados han surgido de espacios de discusión y análisis, tanto de profesionales del sector público (Servicio Nacional de Menores), Poder Judicial (jueces de Familia del Tribunal de Familia de Curicó) como desde el área privada (ALDEAS SOS de Curicó), ejecutora de la política pública, como observadores-actores-evaluadores directos de la ejecución del trabajo en residencias de la región. Para los fines propuestos se ha accedido, de manera intencionada, a seis profesionales que en la actualidad se desempeñan como dupla psicosocial en ALDEAS SOS de Curicó, como jueces del Tribunal de Familia de Curicó y como Supervisores técnicos de SENAME de la Región del Maule, quienes a través de la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada permitieron acceder a su discurso en cuatro áreas de interés, a saber: Formación profesional, Principio del Interés Superior del Niño, Perfil de Niños, niñas y adolescentes y familias ingresados a Centros residenciales proteccionales y Estrategias de Intervención Psicosocial con niños, niñas y adolescentes y familias de programas residenciales. Se aspira a que esta investigación, de carácter cualitativo y exploratorio basada en la Teoría Fundamentada, logre promover instancias de reflexión y análisis del trabajo desarrollado, de las necesidades y ámbitos de mejora en el trabajo de intervención psicosocial con familias de niños institucionalizados.
The following work states in its first part a series of questions formulated in the approach of the problem that is the object of this investigation. To continue in a second part, there is a definition of the proposed objectives and some assumptions that give a critical and reflective view to the actual problem. In third place, a review of bibliographic framework and the state of the art carried out in the subject of this study that allow to give an account of the state of the investigations that deal with our subject of study. In a fourth section, the methodological bases are stated, which will guide the research process. Finally, there is the plan of analysis of the results, discussing them in the light of the theoretical and empirical antecedents. To begin with, psychosocial work with families of children and adolescents, who are severely injured in their rights and living under a residential protection system, is one of the main axes on which the actions are aimed to the preservation, strengthening and reintegration of these children back to their homes. However, in the materialization of this psychosocial work there are converging visions, actions and wills of different actors involved in the policies directed to these children. Among them, it is worth mentioning the role that belongs to the private collaborating institutions of SENAME, through its professional social workers and psychologists, technical supervisors of SENAME, and judges of Family Courts. Hence, it is important to know the meaning that these actors give to psychosocial work with families, based on their vision of the legal, technical, theoretical and practical actions that refer to the mentioned intervention; It is necessary to permanently analyze the working strategies with families in order to ensure that the quality of care provided to institutionalized children and their families is a facilitator of family reunification in the short term. The findings set out here have emerged from discussion and analysis, both done by professionals from the public sector (National Service for Children), the Judiciary (family judges of the Family Court of Curicó) and from the private area (ALDEAS SOS in Curicó), executor of public policy, as observers-actors-direct evaluators of the execution of work in children residences in the region. For the proposed purposes, there has been access, intentionally, to six professionals who currently work to improve these children lives. These professionals are a psychosocial couple in ALDEAS SOS in Curicó, judges of the Family Court in Curicó and technical Supervisors of SENAME in the Maule Region. All these six professionals were interviewed under the application of a semi-structured interview, which allowed access to their discourse in four areas of interest, namely: Vocational training, Principle of the Higher Interest of the Child, Profile of Children and adolescents and families admitted to Protective Residential Centers, and Strategies of Psychosocial Intervention with children, adolescents and families of residential programs. It is hoped that this research, qualitative and exploratory based on the Grounded Theory, will promote instances of reflection and analysis of the developing work, needs and areas of improvement in the work of psychosocial intervention with families of institutionalized children.
The following work states in its first part a series of questions formulated in the approach of the problem that is the object of this investigation. To continue in a second part, there is a definition of the proposed objectives and some assumptions that give a critical and reflective view to the actual problem. In third place, a review of bibliographic framework and the state of the art carried out in the subject of this study that allow to give an account of the state of the investigations that deal with our subject of study. In a fourth section, the methodological bases are stated, which will guide the research process. Finally, there is the plan of analysis of the results, discussing them in the light of the theoretical and empirical antecedents. To begin with, psychosocial work with families of children and adolescents, who are severely injured in their rights and living under a residential protection system, is one of the main axes on which the actions are aimed to the preservation, strengthening and reintegration of these children back to their homes. However, in the materialization of this psychosocial work there are converging visions, actions and wills of different actors involved in the policies directed to these children. Among them, it is worth mentioning the role that belongs to the private collaborating institutions of SENAME, through its professional social workers and psychologists, technical supervisors of SENAME, and judges of Family Courts. Hence, it is important to know the meaning that these actors give to psychosocial work with families, based on their vision of the legal, technical, theoretical and practical actions that refer to the mentioned intervention; It is necessary to permanently analyze the working strategies with families in order to ensure that the quality of care provided to institutionalized children and their families is a facilitator of family reunification in the short term. The findings set out here have emerged from discussion and analysis, both done by professionals from the public sector (National Service for Children), the Judiciary (family judges of the Family Court of Curicó) and from the private area (ALDEAS SOS in Curicó), executor of public policy, as observers-actors-direct evaluators of the execution of work in children residences in the region. For the proposed purposes, there has been access, intentionally, to six professionals who currently work to improve these children lives. These professionals are a psychosocial couple in ALDEAS SOS in Curicó, judges of the Family Court in Curicó and technical Supervisors of SENAME in the Maule Region. All these six professionals were interviewed under the application of a semi-structured interview, which allowed access to their discourse in four areas of interest, namely: Vocational training, Principle of the Higher Interest of the Child, Profile of Children and adolescents and families admitted to Protective Residential Centers, and Strategies of Psychosocial Intervention with children, adolescents and families of residential programs. It is hoped that this research, qualitative and exploratory based on the Grounded Theory, will promote instances of reflection and analysis of the developing work, needs and areas of improvement in the work of psychosocial intervention with families of institutionalized children.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Intervención Socio-Jurídica en Familia)
Palabras clave
SENAME (Chile), Niños, Condiciones Sociales, Trabajo Social Familiar, Chile