Evaluación hidrogeológica para el diseño de un pozo profundo en Cuyurranquil, región del Maule, Chile
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Fecha
2023
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La región del Maule es altamente afectada por la sequía
(Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, 2011). El área de
estudio se encuentra en la comunidad de Cuyurranquil,
reducido pueblo cerca de Cauquenes, en la región del Maule.
El objetivo principal de la presente memoria de título es la
evaluación de la ubicación y características del pozo que
abastecerá de agua potable a la población.
El área de estudio se encuentra en la Subcuenca
Perquilauquén Alto (DGA, 2013), que tiene tres unidades
hidrogeológicas distintas: sedimentos areno-arcillosos, roca
metamórfica poco alterada (principalmente pizarra) y
basamento metamórfico.
El sector presenta características favorables para la recarga de
agua subterránea, esto se ve reflejado en los resultados
calculados mediante el método APLIS, el cual indican recargas
de 40% a 49% de agua precipitada anualmente.
Mediante un estudio de Sondeos Eléctrico Vertical (SEV), la
recopilación de derechos de agua y observaciones en terreno
se determinó que el nivel freático se encuentra 53 metros de
profundidad. Con esta información, se realizó una
modelización mediante ArcGIS Pro para estimar el volumen
total de agua durante períodos de sequía y abundancia.
Se identificaron dos puntos favorables para la instalación del
pozo, siendo el punto uno el más óptimo según cálculos
teóricos de caudal de extracción, utilizando la ley de Darcy y
ensayos de bombeo teóricos. Se estimó un caudal favorable
de 1,6 L/s durante 24 horas, con un descenso mínimo de 1,95
cm/día y máximo de 32 m/día, en comparación con los valores
de transmisividad respectivos.
Para ejecutar el modelo hidrogeológico, se realizó un análisis
de los antecedentes geofísicos y se creó un perfil
hidrogeológico preliminar. Además, se delimitó un modelo
conceptual basado en el área de estudio y las capas
hidrogeológicas obtenidas mediante interpolación IDW. Se
utilizó el software Visual Modflow 2015.1 para generar cuatro
zonas subsuperficiales que representan las unidades
hidrogeológicas.
The Maule region is highly affected by drought (National Congress Library of Chile, 2011). The study area is located in the community of Cuyurranquil, a small town near Cauquenes in the Maule region. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the location and characteristics of the well that will supply drinking water to the population. The study area is within the Perquilauquén Alto Sub-basin (DGA, 2013), which has three distinct hydrogeological units: sandy-clay sediments, lightly altered metamorphic rock (mainly slate), and metamorphic basement. The sector exhibits favorable conditions for groundwater recharge, as reflected in the results calculated using the APLIS method, which indicate recharge rates of 40% to 49% of annual precipitation. Through a study of Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES), the collection of water rights, and field observations, it was determined that the water table is at a depth of 53 meters. With this information, modeling was carried out using ArcGIS Pro to estimate the total water volume during periods of drought and abundance. Two favorable points for well installation were identified, with point one being the most optimal based on theoretical calculations of extraction flow rate using Darcy's law and theoretical pumping tests. A favorable flow rate of 1.6 L/s for 24 hours was estimated, with a minimum decline of 1.95 cm/day and a maximum decline of 32 m/day, compared to the respective transmissivity values. To execute the hydrogeological model, an analysis of geophysical data was conducted, and a preliminary hydrogeological profile was created. Furthermore, a conceptual model was delineated based on the study area and the hydrogeological layers obtained through IDW interpolation. Visual Modflow 2015.1 software was used to generate four subsurface zones representing the hydrogeological units.
The Maule region is highly affected by drought (National Congress Library of Chile, 2011). The study area is located in the community of Cuyurranquil, a small town near Cauquenes in the Maule region. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the location and characteristics of the well that will supply drinking water to the population. The study area is within the Perquilauquén Alto Sub-basin (DGA, 2013), which has three distinct hydrogeological units: sandy-clay sediments, lightly altered metamorphic rock (mainly slate), and metamorphic basement. The sector exhibits favorable conditions for groundwater recharge, as reflected in the results calculated using the APLIS method, which indicate recharge rates of 40% to 49% of annual precipitation. Through a study of Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES), the collection of water rights, and field observations, it was determined that the water table is at a depth of 53 meters. With this information, modeling was carried out using ArcGIS Pro to estimate the total water volume during periods of drought and abundance. Two favorable points for well installation were identified, with point one being the most optimal based on theoretical calculations of extraction flow rate using Darcy's law and theoretical pumping tests. A favorable flow rate of 1.6 L/s for 24 hours was estimated, with a minimum decline of 1.95 cm/day and a maximum decline of 32 m/day, compared to the respective transmissivity values. To execute the hydrogeological model, an analysis of geophysical data was conducted, and a preliminary hydrogeological profile was created. Furthermore, a conceptual model was delineated based on the study area and the hydrogeological layers obtained through IDW interpolation. Visual Modflow 2015.1 software was used to generate four subsurface zones representing the hydrogeological units.
Notas
Memoria (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Hidrogeología, Pozos, Evaluación, Agua Potable, Chile, Cuyurranquil