Caracterización de la diversidad genética en poblaciones chilenas de calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst)
Cargando...
Fecha
2012
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El calafate (Berberís mícrophylla G. Forst.) es un arbusto endémico de la
Patagonia. Estudios previos han demostrado que los frutos del., ealafate presentan un
alto contenido de vitamina C y de antocianas, además de un gran poder
antioxidante, usándose en distintos preparados alimenticios y brebajes. Por otra
parte, su explotación se basa en la recolección de frutos en estado silvestre, con un
bajo rendimiento. Prácticamente no hay estudios genéticos en dicha especie. En
esta tesis se presenta la caracterización de la diversidad genética de accesiones
chilenas de B. mícrophylla y otras especies del género Berberís utilizando
marcadores moleculares de tipo AFLP y microsatélites, desarrollados y
caracterizados en el marco de este trabajo. El análisis combinado de los resultados
obtenidos sobre una muestra de 88 accesiones de calafate permitió establecer que
aún cuando hay una apreciable diversidad genética que permite diferenciar con
facilidad accesiones de diferentes procedencias e incluso .de un mismo sitio, no hay
sub-grupos estructurados por su origen geográfico genéticamente diferenciables en
las poblaciones chilenas de calafate. Estos resultados también permitieron
determinar que la forma predominante de reproducción de esta especie silvestre es
vía semillas. Así también, se estimaron relaciones de similitud genética respecto de
las otras especies de Berberís presentes en Chile. Combinando esta información
genética con otros estudios como la composición química de los frutos, se podrá
proponer esquemas de conservación del recurso y estrategias para su domesticación y uso racional.
Calafate (Berberís mícrophylla G. Forst.) is an endemic shurb from Patagonia. Previous research has shown that the fruits of the ·calafate have a high content of vitamin C, anthocyanins and a high antioxidant capacity. Calafate is used in different foods and beverages. On the other hand, it's a non-domesticated species, being harvested from the wild, which determines a low yield. This thesis presents the first phase of the characterization of the genetic diversity of .Chilean B. mícrophylla and other species of the Berberís genus. For this purpose, AFLP and microsatellite markers were used; the microsatellites were developed and characterized in the framework of this same work. The combined analysis of results considering a set of 88 calafate samples, allowed us to establish that even though there is an appreciable genetic diversity which permits to easily differentiate accessions from different origins in the same site, there are no distinguishable genetically structured sub-groups in the Chilean population of calafate. These results also allowed us to determine that the predominant way of reproduction of this wild species is through seeds. In addition, inter-specific genetic similarities were determined at the genus level, considering sorne of the Berberís species present in Chile. Combining this genetic information with other studies based on the chemical composition of the fruits, a scheme for the conservation of this resource as well as strategies for its domestication and rational use could be proposed in the future.
Calafate (Berberís mícrophylla G. Forst.) is an endemic shurb from Patagonia. Previous research has shown that the fruits of the ·calafate have a high content of vitamin C, anthocyanins and a high antioxidant capacity. Calafate is used in different foods and beverages. On the other hand, it's a non-domesticated species, being harvested from the wild, which determines a low yield. This thesis presents the first phase of the characterization of the genetic diversity of .Chilean B. mícrophylla and other species of the Berberís genus. For this purpose, AFLP and microsatellite markers were used; the microsatellites were developed and characterized in the framework of this same work. The combined analysis of results considering a set of 88 calafate samples, allowed us to establish that even though there is an appreciable genetic diversity which permits to easily differentiate accessions from different origins in the same site, there are no distinguishable genetically structured sub-groups in the Chilean population of calafate. These results also allowed us to determine that the predominant way of reproduction of this wild species is through seeds. In addition, inter-specific genetic similarities were determined at the genus level, considering sorne of the Berberís species present in Chile. Combining this genetic information with other studies based on the chemical composition of the fruits, a scheme for the conservation of this resource as well as strategies for its domestication and rational use could be proposed in the future.
Notas
Tesis (Magister en Biotecnología)
Proyecto FONDECYT No.1100944.
Proyecto FONDECYT No.1100944.
Palabras clave
Calafate, Frutas, Genética Vegetal