Uso de antibióticos en pacientes diabéticos sometidos a extracciones dentales : scoping review
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Archivos
Fecha
2020
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar factores que condicionan la prescripción de profilaxis antibiótica y/o
terapia antibiótica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus sometidos a extracción dental.
Materiales y métodos: Esta revisión se realizó adoptando un protocolo de investigación
siguiendo las directrices de las normas PRISMA. Se usaron registros de las bases de
datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus y Epistemonikos. Las palabras claves incluidas
fueron antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotics, diabetes Mellitus, tooth extraction, dental
extraction. La evaluación de calidad metodológica de los estudios fue analizada mediante
una cartilla de selección preparada por el grupo investigador
Resultados: De 2637 estudios obtenidos en la primera etapa, se seleccionaron seis
estudios que contenían factores para determinar el uso de antibióticos en exodoncias.
Los factores clínicos hallados son: condición médica, estado nutricional, inmunológico y
oral, endocarditis infecciosa previa, afecciones cardíacas, diabetes no controlada,
antecedentes de pericoronaritis, infecciones post operatorias, medicamentos actuales,
diente a extraer, diagnóstico clínico, duración y concentración tisular del antibiótico,
materiales coadyuvantes y evidencia de diseminación sistémica. Los factores no clínicos
identificados son: económicos, tabaquismo, capacidad de cumplir con el tratamiento
antibiótico prescrito, tipo y región de la institución dental, presión del paciente hacia el
operador, habilidad, experiencia, lenta adopción de guías actualizadas y falta de
conocimiento por parte del operador.
Conclusión: La profilaxis antibiótica no está recomendada en exodoncia de pacientes
diabéticos en general, excepto cuando la enfermedad (diabetes mellitus) no está
controlada o cuando el paciente manifieste alguna patología oral con infección. La terapia
antibiótica se recomienda solo cuando el paciente con diabetes mellitus presenta una
infección al momento que se somete o posterior a una exodoncia.
Objectives: Determine factors that condition the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing tooth extraction. Materials and methods: This review was carried out by adopting a research protocol following the guidelines of PRISMA standards. Records from the Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Epistemonikos databases. The keywords included were antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotics, diabetes Mellitus, tooth extraction, dental extraction. The methodological quality assessment of the studies was analyzed using a selection card prepared by the research group to check and explore articles related to our research. Results: Of 2637 studies obtained in the first stage, six studies containing factors were selected to determine the use of antibiotics in exodontics. Clinical factors found are: medical condition, nutritional, immune and oral status, prior infectious endocarditis, heart conditions, uncontrolled diabetes, history of perironaritis, postoperative infections, current medications, tooth to be removed, clinical diagnosis, duration and tissue concentration of the antibiotic, adjuvanting materials and evidence of systemic spread. The non-clinical factors identified are: economic, smoking, ability to comply with prescribed antibiotic treatment, type and region of the dental institution, patient pressure towards the operator, skill, experience, slow adoption of updated guides and lack of knowledge on the part of the operator. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in exodontics of diabetic patients in general, except in situations where the disease (diabetes mellitus) is not controlled or for the patient to manifest any oral pathology with infection. Antibiotic therapy is recommended only when the patient with diabetes mellitus develops an infection at the time they undergo tooth extraction.
Objectives: Determine factors that condition the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing tooth extraction. Materials and methods: This review was carried out by adopting a research protocol following the guidelines of PRISMA standards. Records from the Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Epistemonikos databases. The keywords included were antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotics, diabetes Mellitus, tooth extraction, dental extraction. The methodological quality assessment of the studies was analyzed using a selection card prepared by the research group to check and explore articles related to our research. Results: Of 2637 studies obtained in the first stage, six studies containing factors were selected to determine the use of antibiotics in exodontics. Clinical factors found are: medical condition, nutritional, immune and oral status, prior infectious endocarditis, heart conditions, uncontrolled diabetes, history of perironaritis, postoperative infections, current medications, tooth to be removed, clinical diagnosis, duration and tissue concentration of the antibiotic, adjuvanting materials and evidence of systemic spread. The non-clinical factors identified are: economic, smoking, ability to comply with prescribed antibiotic treatment, type and region of the dental institution, patient pressure towards the operator, skill, experience, slow adoption of updated guides and lack of knowledge on the part of the operator. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in exodontics of diabetic patients in general, except in situations where the disease (diabetes mellitus) is not controlled or for the patient to manifest any oral pathology with infection. Antibiotic therapy is recommended only when the patient with diabetes mellitus develops an infection at the time they undergo tooth extraction.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, asignatura de Cirugía y Traumatología Maxilofacial)
Palabras clave
Antibióticos, Exodoncia, Diabéticos