Impactos ambientales de la minería de cobre a cielo abierto, sobre los glaciares ubicados en la zona comprendida entre el límite de las regiones de Valparaíso y Metropolitana, Chile
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Archivos
Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Se identificaron las faenas mineras que estaban comprendidas en la zona
objetivo de este trabajo, vale decir, en los límites de las regiones de Valparaíso y
Metropolitana, para posteriormente proceder a analizar los efectos que estas
producen sobre el medio ambiente y categorizarlos.
Se realizó un catastro del número, superficie y equivalente en agua de los
glaciares (incluidos los glaciares rocosos) insertos dentro de las categorías
operativas de las faenas mineras Los Bronces de Anglo American y Andina de
Codelco.
La determinación del número y la superficie de glaciares dentro de áreas
protegidas se realizó mediante el cruce de las bases de datos del inventario nacional
de glaciares de la Dirección General de Aguas (DGA), los polígonos del Ministerio
del Medio Ambiente (MMA), los polígonos reportados por ambas compañías,
imágenes del IGM y SAF y mediante la utilización de herramientas de teledetección
a través de metodologías de clasificación supervisada y análisis de firmas
espectrales.
Se estimó el equivalente en agua de los glaciares y se asumió una densidad
del hielo de 0,9 gr cm-3. Los resultados arrojaron que algunos glaciares presentaban
variaciones muy significativas de hasta un 80% aproximadamente en cuanto a
pérdida de superficie.
No obstante, lo anterior, existen diferencias en cuanto al porcentaje de efecto
que sufrieron en función del tipo de glaciar, tamaño, altura en la que se encuentran
y actividad que le afecta.
The mining operations that were included in the target area of this work were identified, that is, in the limits of the Valparaíso and Metropolitan regions, and then proceeded to analyze the effects they produce on the environment and categorize them. A survey was made of the number, surface and water equivalent of glaciers (including rock glaciers) inserted within the operational categories of Los Bronces by Anglo American and Andina by Codelco. The determination of the number and surface of glaciers within protected areas was carried out by crossing the databases of the national inventory of glaciers of the General Directorate of Waters (DGA), the polygons of the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), the polygons reported by both companies and through the use of remote sensing tools through supervised classification methodologies and spectral signature analysis. The equivalent in water of the glaciers was estimated and an ice density of 0.9 gr cm-3 was assumed. The results showed that some glaciers presented very significant variations of up to 80% approximately in terms of surface loss. However, the foregoing, there are differences in the percentage of effect that they suffered depending on the type of glacier, size, height at which they are and activity that affects them.
The mining operations that were included in the target area of this work were identified, that is, in the limits of the Valparaíso and Metropolitan regions, and then proceeded to analyze the effects they produce on the environment and categorize them. A survey was made of the number, surface and water equivalent of glaciers (including rock glaciers) inserted within the operational categories of Los Bronces by Anglo American and Andina by Codelco. The determination of the number and surface of glaciers within protected areas was carried out by crossing the databases of the national inventory of glaciers of the General Directorate of Waters (DGA), the polygons of the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), the polygons reported by both companies and through the use of remote sensing tools through supervised classification methodologies and spectral signature analysis. The equivalent in water of the glaciers was estimated and an ice density of 0.9 gr cm-3 was assumed. The results showed that some glaciers presented very significant variations of up to 80% approximately in terms of surface loss. However, the foregoing, there are differences in the percentage of effect that they suffered depending on the type of glacier, size, height at which they are and activity that affects them.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Minería a Tajo Abierto, Aspectos Ambientales, Glaciares, Chile, Valparaíso, Región Metropolitana