Comparación Tabaquismo y prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal entre Chile y España : un estudio ecológico
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Fecha
2013
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Al tabaquismo se le atribuye la muerte de 1 de cada 10 adultos. Cada año, mueren 6 millones de personas, de las cuales 600.000 son fumadoras pasivas. Frente a esta realidad, Chile y España decidieron unirse al Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaquismo abarcando las medidas MPOWER. El 1 de Marzo del año 2013, Chile pone en vigencia modificaciones a la Ley de Tabaco, promulgada el año 2006 en materia de ambientes libre de humo de tabaco. En cambio, España desde el 1 de enero del 2011 publica el marco legal anti-tabaco, que remplaza la Ley 28/2005. Diversas investigaciones sostienen que, en la cavidad oral, el consumo de tabaco (TC) es un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad periodontal (EP), aumentando la gravedad y perpetuación de ésta.
Objetivo: comparar la prevalencia de tabaquismo y de EP en la población adulta según estudios nacionales de Chile y España.
Método: estudio de tipo ecológico exploratorio, mediante una búsqueda sistemática de estudios primarios, publicaciones y/o encuestas de prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y de nivel exposición al tabaco en adultos de Chile y España. El análisis fue realizado comparando las variables prevalencia de EP y tabaquismo mediante el uso de razones.
Resultados: En Chile, se encontró que la prevalencia de EP por cada 1 fumador por sexo y tramo etario en la población adulta, es mayor que en España. A su vez, en nuestro país a mayor nivel educacional mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo. Mientras, se observó que España tiene mayor consumo per cápita de cajetillas de cigarro en comparación a Chile. Finalmente, se pudo observar que las muertes atribuibles al TC son numerosas para ambos países, y es el género masculino es el que corre mayor riesgo.
Conclusión. En comparación con España, Chile presenta mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo. Así también, Chile presenta mayor prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal que España, específicamente en los grupos etarios de 35 a 44 años y de 65 a 7 4 años, siendo levemente mayor para el género masculino.
The death of 1 of 10 adults is attributed to tabaquism. Every year 6 mi Ilion people die, from tabaquism which 600.000 are passive smokers. Facing with this reality, Chile and Spain decided to adhere the Framework Convention for Tabaquism Control, covering MPOWER measures. On March 1st 2013, Chile put into effect a new Law of tobacco promulgated in 2006 about smoke free environments. Meanwhile, since January 1 st 2011 Spain put into effect a new anti-tobacco legal framework, replacing the Law 28/2005. Severa! researches sustain that, in the oral cavity, tobacco (TC) is a risk factor of periodontal disease (PO), increasing the severity and perpetuity of it. Objective: To compare tabaquism and PO prevalence on adult population according to national researches of Chile and Spain. Methodology: Ecological model Study, using a systematic search for primary studies, publications and/or surveys of Periodontal disease and tobacco exposure leve! in both Chile and Spain. The analysis was performed comparing the variables and smoking prevalence of PO using reasons. Results: In Chile, it was found that the prevalence of PO for every one smoker is increased in almost ali variables compared with Spain. In turn, at higher educational leve!, higher tabaquism prevalence. Meanwhile, it was noted that Spain has highest per capita consumption of cigarette packs compared with Chile. Finally, it was observed that TC attributable deaths are numerous in both countries, and the male gender has the greatest risk. Conclusions: Compared with Spain, Chile has a higher tabaquism prevalence. Also, Chile presents higher periodontal disease prevalence than Spain, specifically at 35 to 44 years and 65 to 7 4 years, being slightly higher in male gender.
The death of 1 of 10 adults is attributed to tabaquism. Every year 6 mi Ilion people die, from tabaquism which 600.000 are passive smokers. Facing with this reality, Chile and Spain decided to adhere the Framework Convention for Tabaquism Control, covering MPOWER measures. On March 1st 2013, Chile put into effect a new Law of tobacco promulgated in 2006 about smoke free environments. Meanwhile, since January 1 st 2011 Spain put into effect a new anti-tobacco legal framework, replacing the Law 28/2005. Severa! researches sustain that, in the oral cavity, tobacco (TC) is a risk factor of periodontal disease (PO), increasing the severity and perpetuity of it. Objective: To compare tabaquism and PO prevalence on adult population according to national researches of Chile and Spain. Methodology: Ecological model Study, using a systematic search for primary studies, publications and/or surveys of Periodontal disease and tobacco exposure leve! in both Chile and Spain. The analysis was performed comparing the variables and smoking prevalence of PO using reasons. Results: In Chile, it was found that the prevalence of PO for every one smoker is increased in almost ali variables compared with Spain. In turn, at higher educational leve!, higher tabaquism prevalence. Meanwhile, it was noted that Spain has highest per capita consumption of cigarette packs compared with Chile. Finally, it was observed that TC attributable deaths are numerous in both countries, and the male gender has the greatest risk. Conclusions: Compared with Spain, Chile has a higher tabaquism prevalence. Also, Chile presents higher periodontal disease prevalence than Spain, specifically at 35 to 44 years and 65 to 7 4 years, being slightly higher in male gender.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Especialización en Salud Pública Odontológica)
Palabras clave
Enfermedades Periodontales, Tabaquismo, Prevención y Control, Estudio de Casos, Chile