Análisis de simulación de la gestión de un embalse en crecidas utilizando el método de evaluación volumétrica
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Fecha
2018
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La necesidad de gestionar de óptima manera el recurso hídrico en el mundo, hace indispensable comprobar las características de distintos métodos de gestión en embalses. En este proyecto, se analizó la aplicabilidad de una metodología no utilizada en Chile, específicamente el método de evaluación volumétrica utilizado en embalses en España, el que se comparó bajo distintos puntos de vista un caso de estudio ubicado en la sexta Región de Chile. La aplicabilidad de este método se analizó teniendo en cuenta tanto la seguridad de la presa como la seguridad aguas abajo de la misma.
Para realizar este análisis, se debieron tener en cuenta distintos escenarios que se pueden llegar a producir para un evento de lluvia. Estos escenarios se crearon en base a simulaciones de crecidas utilizando modelos estocásticos y con variado número de eventos y, así, abarcar en buena medida lo que se podría llegar a producir en un evento de lluvia. Para crear estas simulaciones, se utilizó la información meteorológica de entre 30 y 50 años, obtenida de estaciones DGA, con el objeto de obtener la precipitación total de la cuenca.
Los caudales vertidos, en conjunto con la evolución de los niveles de embalse, se compararon de manera tal de comprobar, cuáles son las fortalezas y debilidades del método aplicado, y asegurar así también, la aplicabilidad de éste.
El método de Evaluación volumétrica, basado en la operación de los órganos de desagüe, en función de la evolución del estado del embalse y de la crecida, ayuda a disminuir notablemente los tiempos de laminación del embalse, comparado con la laminación de un embalse sin compuertas a labio fijo. Hay que destacar, que este método ayuda a disminuir las variaciones de niveles y volúmenes dentro del embalse, además de que los caudales máximos de salida no aumentan en gran medida. Dicho todo esto, no existen indicios de que se pueda generar algún riesgo para la presa misma ni para la seguridad aguas abajo, por lo que, si no existe alguna otra regla que impida liberar los caudales indicados por este método, el modelo es totalmente aplicable.
The need of manage in an optimal way the water resources in the world, makes indispensable to verify the features of different management methods in reservoirs. In this project, the applicability of methodology not used in Chile was analyzed specifically the Giron method used in Spain reservoirs, which was compared under different views in a study case located in the sixth Region of Chile. The applicability of this method was analyzed considering both the safety of the dam and the safety downstream of it. To make this analysis, the different scenarios that can be produced for a rain event should be considered. These scenarios were created based on flood simulations using stochastic models and with a large number of events, and thus, to a large extent, cover what could be produced in a rain event. To create these simulations, we used the meteorological information between 30 and 50 years obtained from DGA stations, which was used to obtain the total precipitation of the basin. Discharged flows, in combination with the evolution of the reservoir levels, were compared in such a way as to verify with certainty, what are the strengths and weakness of the applied method, and to ensure the applicability of this. The Giron method based on gates operation depending on the point where the input hydrograph is located, helps to significantly reduce the time of discharge of the reservoir, compared to the discharge of a reservoir without gates as a spillway. It should be noted that this method helps to reduce the variations of levels and volumes in the reservoir. In addition, the maximum output flows do not increase greatly. Thus, there is no indication that any risk can be produced for the dam or for downstream safety, so that, if there is no other rule that prevents release of the flows indicated by this method, the model is fully applicable.
The need of manage in an optimal way the water resources in the world, makes indispensable to verify the features of different management methods in reservoirs. In this project, the applicability of methodology not used in Chile was analyzed specifically the Giron method used in Spain reservoirs, which was compared under different views in a study case located in the sixth Region of Chile. The applicability of this method was analyzed considering both the safety of the dam and the safety downstream of it. To make this analysis, the different scenarios that can be produced for a rain event should be considered. These scenarios were created based on flood simulations using stochastic models and with a large number of events, and thus, to a large extent, cover what could be produced in a rain event. To create these simulations, we used the meteorological information between 30 and 50 years obtained from DGA stations, which was used to obtain the total precipitation of the basin. Discharged flows, in combination with the evolution of the reservoir levels, were compared in such a way as to verify with certainty, what are the strengths and weakness of the applied method, and to ensure the applicability of this. The Giron method based on gates operation depending on the point where the input hydrograph is located, helps to significantly reduce the time of discharge of the reservoir, compared to the discharge of a reservoir without gates as a spillway. It should be noted that this method helps to reduce the variations of levels and volumes in the reservoir. In addition, the maximum output flows do not increase greatly. Thus, there is no indication that any risk can be produced for the dam or for downstream safety, so that, if there is no other rule that prevents release of the flows indicated by this method, the model is fully applicable.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Caudales, Mediciones, Modelos Matemáticos, Embalses