Soledad en cuidadores informales de personas con demencia durante la pandemia de Covid-19
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los cuidadores de personas mayores con demencia tienen alta
probabilidad de presentar soledad, se ha demostrado que su presencia es un factor de riesgo
para la presencia de enfermedades físicas y mentales causando así una disminución en la
calidad de vida y un aumento de la mortalidad. El objetivo de este artículo es reconocer los
factores predictores de la presencia de soledad en los cuidadores de personas con demencia
dentro del contexto de pandemia por COVID-19.
195 cuidadores informales chilenos, por medio de una encuesta en
línea, respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y clínicas sobre ellos y la persona con
demencia a quien cuidaban. Los datos fueron recolectados durante 6 meses y se hicieron
análisis descriptivos, de correlación y de regresión en el software IBM SPSS Statistics 23.
Los factores predictores de soledad en el cuidador fueron la presencia de
sintomatología ansiosa depresiva, la percepción de apoyo psicosocial y la convivencia del
cuidador con la persona con demencia. La escolaridad, el ingreso económico, mantener
durante la pandemia las actividades físicas y mentales y la sobrecarga en el cuidador se
relacionaron significativamente con la soledad en el cuidador (p-valor <0.001). Las
características conductuales de la demencia y realizar actividad física fueron las variables
relacionadas con la persona con demencia que se asociaron con mayor puntaje en la escala
de soledad en el cuidador (p-valor <0.001).
En tiempo de pandemia, la necesidad de interacción se ve fuertemente afectada
en los cuidadores de personas con demencia a causa de las responsabilidades del cuidado. En
consecuencias, el riesgo de desarrollar soledad en ellos es mayor. Las autoridades de salud
pública deben tomar medidas para su prevención y tratamiento, y de acuerdo con este estudio,
los cuidadores con síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, con una baja percepción de apoyo
psicosocial y que conviven con la persona con demencia deben considerarse un grupo
vulnerable de experimentar sentimiento de soledad.
Caregivers of people with dementia have a high probability of experiencing loneliness. It is proved that the presence of loneliness is a risk factor that triggers physical and mental illnesses causing a decrease in the quality of life and an increment in mortality. The objective of this article is to recognize the main factors of loneliness in caregivers of people with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic. Through an online survey, 195 informal Chilean caregivers answered socio-demographic and health related questions about them and the people with dementia whom they took care of. The loneliness perception was evaluated using a scale with 3 items of the UCLA. The data was collected during 6 months and there were descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software.The main factors in the loneliness of caregivers were the presence of anxiousdepressive symptomatology, the perception of psychosocial support and the cohabitation between the caregivers and the people with dementia. The educational level, the economic income, to maintain physical and mental activities, and the overload in the caregivers were significantly related with the loneliness of caregivers (p <0.001). The behavioral characteristics and doing physical activities were variables related with people with dementia who were associated with a higher score in the loneliness of caregivers (p-valor <0.001). During pandemic times, the necessity of social interaction strongly affects caregivers of people suffering from dementia because of the increment of their responsibilities. As a consequence, there is an increasing risk of developing loneliness. The public health authorities have to take measures to prevent and treat this situation. The first step is to recognize the people who have more possibilities to develop it. The presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, the perception of low psychosocial support and the cohabitation between the caregivers and the people with dementia must be considered risky factors to develop loneliness feelings.
Caregivers of people with dementia have a high probability of experiencing loneliness. It is proved that the presence of loneliness is a risk factor that triggers physical and mental illnesses causing a decrease in the quality of life and an increment in mortality. The objective of this article is to recognize the main factors of loneliness in caregivers of people with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic. Through an online survey, 195 informal Chilean caregivers answered socio-demographic and health related questions about them and the people with dementia whom they took care of. The loneliness perception was evaluated using a scale with 3 items of the UCLA. The data was collected during 6 months and there were descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software.The main factors in the loneliness of caregivers were the presence of anxiousdepressive symptomatology, the perception of psychosocial support and the cohabitation between the caregivers and the people with dementia. The educational level, the economic income, to maintain physical and mental activities, and the overload in the caregivers were significantly related with the loneliness of caregivers (p <0.001). The behavioral characteristics and doing physical activities were variables related with people with dementia who were associated with a higher score in the loneliness of caregivers (p-valor <0.001). During pandemic times, the necessity of social interaction strongly affects caregivers of people suffering from dementia because of the increment of their responsibilities. As a consequence, there is an increasing risk of developing loneliness. The public health authorities have to take measures to prevent and treat this situation. The first step is to recognize the people who have more possibilities to develop it. The presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, the perception of low psychosocial support and the cohabitation between the caregivers and the people with dementia must be considered risky factors to develop loneliness feelings.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Enfermería)
Palabras clave
Cuidadores Familiares, Aspectos Psicológicos, COVID-19 (Enfermedad), Aislamiento Social