Estudio comparativo respecto al análisis y diseño, entre una losa maciza de hormigón armado y una aligerada con esferas de polietileno de alta densidad
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Fecha
2022
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Las losas son uno de los elementos más importantes dentro de una estructura, siendo su principal
uso la creación de espacios, dicho elemento estructural demanda un importante volumen de hormigón, que
aportan una carga muerta considerable debido a su peso propio. La presente investigación se enfoca en
evaluar las propiedades estructurales de un sistema de aligeramiento de losas conocido en el mundo como
BubbleDeck, versus el sistema de losa maciza de hormigón. Esta comparación se realiza con base a,
información recopilada a través de documentos científicos, normativas y recomendaciones de fabricantes
de losas BubbleDeck. Para ello, se modelan tres losas aligeradas y, en su contra parte tres, losas macizas de
iguales dimensiones, los modelos se realizan por medio del software SAP2000 V21. La comparación de
propiedades estructurales incluye el cálculo del refuerzo para el estado límite último y la verificación de
varios estados límite de servicio como lo son la deformación y fisuración, según ACI 318-19 y ACI 224-
01, respectivamente. Los resultados de esta comparación muestran un comportamiento muy similar entre
sistemas, con una significante reducción de hormigón en torno a un promedio de 34%, no obstante, las losas
BubbleDeck se ven limitadas en la configuración de la armadura, debido a la posición de las esferas,
generando una sobre estimación de acero. En términos de deflexión, solo se ve una ventaja considerable de
las losas BubbleDeck en los paños con luces más extensas.
Slabs are one of the most important elements within a structure, being its main use the creation of spaces, this structural element demands an important volume of concrete, which contributes a considerable dead load due to its own weight. The present research focuses on evaluating the structural properties of a slab lightening system known in the world as BubbleDeck, versus the solid concrete slab system. This comparison is based on information available from scientific papers, normative documents and recommendations from BubbleDeck slab manufacturers. For this comparison, three lightened slabs and three solid slabs of the same dimensions are modeled using SAP2000 V21 software. The comparison of structural properties includes the calculation of the reinforcement for the ultimate limit state and the verification of several serviceability limit states such as deformation and fissuring, according to ACI 318- 19 and ACI 224-01, respectively. The results of this comparison show a very similar behavior between systems, with a significant reduction of concrete around an average of 34%, however, the BubbleDeck slabs are limited in the configuration of the reinforcement, due to the position of the spheres, generating an over estimation of steel. In terms of deflection, a considerable advantage of BubbleDeck slabs is only seen in the longer spans.
Slabs are one of the most important elements within a structure, being its main use the creation of spaces, this structural element demands an important volume of concrete, which contributes a considerable dead load due to its own weight. The present research focuses on evaluating the structural properties of a slab lightening system known in the world as BubbleDeck, versus the solid concrete slab system. This comparison is based on information available from scientific papers, normative documents and recommendations from BubbleDeck slab manufacturers. For this comparison, three lightened slabs and three solid slabs of the same dimensions are modeled using SAP2000 V21 software. The comparison of structural properties includes the calculation of the reinforcement for the ultimate limit state and the verification of several serviceability limit states such as deformation and fissuring, according to ACI 318- 19 and ACI 224-01, respectively. The results of this comparison show a very similar behavior between systems, with a significant reduction of concrete around an average of 34%, however, the BubbleDeck slabs are limited in the configuration of the reinforcement, due to the position of the spheres, generating an over estimation of steel. In terms of deflection, a considerable advantage of BubbleDeck slabs is only seen in the longer spans.
Notas
Proyecto de título (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Losas de Hormigón, Diseño y Construcción, Polietileno