Determinación funcional de la ubicación de la corteza insular y amígdala central en el circuito de la ansiedad
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Múltiples estudios han demarcado a la amígdala central (CeA) y la corteza insular
(IC) como regiones importantes en la regulación de la ansiedad a nivel cerebral,
debido a su rol en la modulación de la ansiedad, conexión bidireccional entre ellas
y su actividad elevada en pacientes con trastornos ansiosos. No obstante, faltan
estudios que evalúen la relación entre CeA y IC en el contexto de la ansiedad. En
la presente tesis, nos propusimos investigar el rol de la conexión y jerarquía
funcional entre estas dos regiones dentro de la respuesta ansiosa. Basado en el rol
de la IC en el procesamiento emocional y funciones viscerales, hipotetizamos que
esta se encuentra rio abajo de la CeA. Para determinar la ubicación funcional de la
CeA y IC, abordamos tres objetivos específicos, el primero fue establecer si la
activación de la conexión recíproca entre CeA y IC tiene un efecto ansiogénico, el
segundo fue determinar si la IC se encuentra río abajo de la CeA en el circuito de la
ansiedad y por último, determinar si la IC se encuentra río arriba de la CeA en el
circuito de la ansiedad. Para esto, se empleó el uso de los “Receptores de diseño
activados exclusivamente por fármacos de diseño” o “DREADDs”, mediante la
excitación selectiva de las proyecciones bidireccionales entre CeA y IC, junto con la
inhibición y excitación en simultáneo de ambas regiones. La activación de las
proyecciones de CeA hacia IC y viceversa, indujo efectos ansiogénicos. La
estimulación de CeA y inhibición de IC indujo fuertes efectos ansiogénicos. Por el
contrario, la inhibición de CeA y estimulación de la IC indujo un leve efecto
ansiolítico. Estos resultados sugieren que, a pesar de la inhibición de la IC, la
activación de la CeA prima en la respuesta ansiogénica del comportamiento tipo
ansioso en ratas. Los resultados de la presente tesis sugieren que la IC se
encuentra rio arriba de la CeA en el circuito cerebral que regula la ansiedad.
Multiple studies have identified the central amygdala (CeA) and the insular cortex (IC) as important brain regions in the regulation of anxiety, due to their role in anxiety modulation, bidirectional projections between them, and their elevated activity in patients with anxiety disorders. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the relationship between CeA and IC in the context of anxiety. In this thesis, we set out to investigate the role of the connection and functional hierarchy between these two regions within anxiety. Based on the role of the IC in emotional processing and visceral functions, we hypothesized that it is downstream from CeA. To determine the location of CeA and IC within the anxiety brain circuitry, we setout three specific objectives: the first was to establish whether the activation of the reciprocal projections between CeA and IC have anxiogenic effects; the second was to determine if the IC is located downstream of the CeA within the anxiety circuitry and finally, to determine if the IC is upstream of the CeA within the anxiety brain circuitry. For this, we used "Design Receptors activated exclusively by designer drugs" or "DREADDs", through the selective excitation of the bidirectional projections between CeA and IC, together with the simultaneous inhibition and excitation of both regions. Activation of CeA projections to IC and vice versa induced anxiogenic effects. CeA stimulation and IC inhibition induced strong anxiogenic effects. In contrast, inhibition of CeA and stimulation of IC induced a mild anxiolytic effect. These results suggest that, despite IC inhibition, CeA activation primes over the anxiogenic response in rats. The results of this thesis suggest that the IC is upstream of the CeA in the brain circuitry that regulates anxiety.
Multiple studies have identified the central amygdala (CeA) and the insular cortex (IC) as important brain regions in the regulation of anxiety, due to their role in anxiety modulation, bidirectional projections between them, and their elevated activity in patients with anxiety disorders. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the relationship between CeA and IC in the context of anxiety. In this thesis, we set out to investigate the role of the connection and functional hierarchy between these two regions within anxiety. Based on the role of the IC in emotional processing and visceral functions, we hypothesized that it is downstream from CeA. To determine the location of CeA and IC within the anxiety brain circuitry, we setout three specific objectives: the first was to establish whether the activation of the reciprocal projections between CeA and IC have anxiogenic effects; the second was to determine if the IC is located downstream of the CeA within the anxiety circuitry and finally, to determine if the IC is upstream of the CeA within the anxiety brain circuitry. For this, we used "Design Receptors activated exclusively by designer drugs" or "DREADDs", through the selective excitation of the bidirectional projections between CeA and IC, together with the simultaneous inhibition and excitation of both regions. Activation of CeA projections to IC and vice versa induced anxiogenic effects. CeA stimulation and IC inhibition induced strong anxiogenic effects. In contrast, inhibition of CeA and stimulation of IC induced a mild anxiolytic effect. These results suggest that, despite IC inhibition, CeA activation primes over the anxiogenic response in rats. The results of this thesis suggest that the IC is upstream of the CeA in the brain circuitry that regulates anxiety.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Corteza Cerebral, Análisis, Ansiedad, Investigaciones