Análisis comparativo de dos alternativas para realziar el volteo, desrame y trozado en faenas de raleo comercial con torre de madereo.
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2014
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
RESUMEN: El principal producto de exportación es el cobre y en segundo lugar se encuentra la industria forestal, sector que es el primero basado en un recurso forestal renovable. El principal producto de exportación forestal chileno es la celulosa (proveniente en su mayoría de la madera del Raleo Comercial); luego le siguen las molduras, paneles, marcos para puertas y ventanas, y muebles; madera aserrada, tableros y chapas y piezas para la construcción; astillas; papel periódico y maderas en trozos. En los últimos 15 años, el sector forestal ha producido alrededor del 13% del total anual de los retornos por exportaciones del país, con ventas a más de 100 mercados en los cinco continentes, destacando Estados Unidos, China y Japón como los más importantes (Desk Api Cuneo Chile, 2007).
El sector forestal chileno es una industria dinámica y en constante desarrollo, prueba de ello son las múltiples inversiones que se realizan en el área, las que llegarán a los $ 360 mil millones hasta el 2013, sólo para la Región del Biobío. (Expocorma, 2013).
Desde la Región de Valparaíso a la de Los Lagos, la industria forestal chilena es uno de los mejores ejemplos de desarrollo sustentable, dado su carácter renovable (Expocorma, 2013).
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Hoy, Chile exporta más de 400 productos derivados de la madera proveniente de plantaciones, gracias a una actividad forestal sólida y dinámica que ha conquistado muchos y difíciles mercados, ganándose el respeto y el reconocimiento mundial. Asimismo, existen alrededor de mil empresas que exportan productos forestales con diversos grados de elaboración (Expocorma, 2013).
Destacable es su aporte social y económico, al generar cerca de 130 mil empleos directos y una cifra similar en indirectos en las áreas de silvicultura y cosecha, industria primaria, secundaria y servicios, siendo la principal fuente de ingresos para muchas familias de zonas rurales del país (Expocorma, 2013).
Sin embargo, la realidad nacional respecto de algunos países nórdicos y europeos, dista en cuanto a los recursos con los que se hace el trabajo, quienes consideran un alto nivel de mecanización (Entrevista a Arjo Ronttinen, Gerente de Forest Center empresa de Raleo y Cosecha Forestal, 2013) (anexo A).
Dado esto, las empresas de servicio, durante los últimos 5 años han concentrado sus esfuerzos en cómo realizar los procesos productivos de forma más eficiente, considerando la mecanización como pilar fundamental (Registro Licitaciones de Cosecha y Raleo Forestal Celco-Arauco, 2013).
Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el aumento de producción al incorporar un equipo Harvester para el volteo en raleos comerciales con torres de madereo.
ABSTRACT: The main export is copper and secondly the forest industry, a sector that is the first based on a renewable forest resource. The main product of Chilean forestry exports is cellulose (mostly from wood Commercial Thinning); then followed the moldings, panels, door frames, windows and furniture; sawnwood, panels and veneer and parts for construction; chips; newsprint and wood pieces. In the past 15 years, the forest sector has produced about 13% of total annual returns for exports, with sales to more than 100 markets on five continents, highlighting the United States, China and Japan as the most important (Api Desk Chile Cuneo, 2007). The Chilean forestry sector is a dynamic and constantly evolving industry, proof of this are the many investments made in the area, which will reach the $ 360 billion through 2013, only the Biobío Region. (Expocorma, 2013). From the Valparaíso Region of Los Lagos, Chile's forest industry is one of the best examples of sustainable development, given its renewable nature (Expocorma, 2013). Today, Chile exported more than 400 products from wood from plantations, thanks to a strong and dynamic forestry has conquered many difficult markets, earning the respect and global recognition. Also, there are about a thousand companies that export forest products with varying degrees of processing (Expocorma, 2013). Remarkable is their social and economic contribution, generating nearly 130 thousand direct jobs and a similar number in indirect areas of forestry and 6 harvesting, primary, secondary industry and services, the main source of income for many rural families country (Expocorma, 2013). However, national reality for some Nordic and European countries, far in terms of resources that the work is done, who consider a high level of mechanization (Interview with Arjo Ronttinen, Center Manager of Forest Thinning and Harvesting Company forestry, 2013) (Annex A). Given this, service companies during the past 5 years have concentrated on how to make production processes more efficiently, considering mechanization as a fundamental pillar (Registration Tender Harvest and Thinning Forestal Celco-Arauco, 2013). Given the above, the aim of this work is to determine the increase of production by incorporating a Harvester equipment for commercial thinning tumbling with towers logging.
ABSTRACT: The main export is copper and secondly the forest industry, a sector that is the first based on a renewable forest resource. The main product of Chilean forestry exports is cellulose (mostly from wood Commercial Thinning); then followed the moldings, panels, door frames, windows and furniture; sawnwood, panels and veneer and parts for construction; chips; newsprint and wood pieces. In the past 15 years, the forest sector has produced about 13% of total annual returns for exports, with sales to more than 100 markets on five continents, highlighting the United States, China and Japan as the most important (Api Desk Chile Cuneo, 2007). The Chilean forestry sector is a dynamic and constantly evolving industry, proof of this are the many investments made in the area, which will reach the $ 360 billion through 2013, only the Biobío Region. (Expocorma, 2013). From the Valparaíso Region of Los Lagos, Chile's forest industry is one of the best examples of sustainable development, given its renewable nature (Expocorma, 2013). Today, Chile exported more than 400 products from wood from plantations, thanks to a strong and dynamic forestry has conquered many difficult markets, earning the respect and global recognition. Also, there are about a thousand companies that export forest products with varying degrees of processing (Expocorma, 2013). Remarkable is their social and economic contribution, generating nearly 130 thousand direct jobs and a similar number in indirect areas of forestry and 6 harvesting, primary, secondary industry and services, the main source of income for many rural families country (Expocorma, 2013). However, national reality for some Nordic and European countries, far in terms of resources that the work is done, who consider a high level of mechanization (Interview with Arjo Ronttinen, Center Manager of Forest Thinning and Harvesting Company forestry, 2013) (Annex A). Given this, service companies during the past 5 years have concentrated on how to make production processes more efficiently, considering mechanization as a fundamental pillar (Registration Tender Harvest and Thinning Forestal Celco-Arauco, 2013). Given the above, the aim of this work is to determine the increase of production by incorporating a Harvester equipment for commercial thinning tumbling with towers logging.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil Industrial)
Palabras clave
Manejo Forestal