Propuesta de un plan de tele-atención farmacéutica a pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus, usuarios de insulina de un centro de salud familiar
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Archivos
Fecha
2023
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad caracterizada por un alto nivel de glucosa en
sangre y esto es el resultado de defectos en la secreción de insulina, en su acción o
en ambas. Dicha patología se ha convertido en una de las enfermedades metabólicas
crónicas más prevalentes de las últimas décadas a nivel mundial.
Un fallo en la producción de insulina, de la acción de esta, o de ambas, genera un
aumento de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre (hiperglucemia). De no controlarse
adecuadamente, a largo plazo, la condición de hiperglucemia puede provocar
alteraciones en la función de diversos órganos, especialmente en ojos, riñones,
nervios, corazón y vasos sanguíneos.
La educación en todo paciente crónico es fundamental, en el paciente diabético
adquiere su máxima relevancia y se hace indispensable para lograr que comprenda
las causas, consecuencias y la importancia de seguir el tratamiento que mantendrá
controlada la enfermedad. Realizar acciones educativas efectivas con el paciente
diabético no es tarea fácil, se hace necesario aplicar metodologías de mayor
rendimiento a las utilizadas tradicionalmente, puesto que la atención medica será inútil
y poco efectiva si el paciente no logra adaptarse a las normas de vida que le exige su
tratamiento.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue diseñar una propuesta de un programa
educativo en formato de tele-atención farmacéutica para pacientes diabéticos insulino
requirentes, pertenecientes al programa cardiovascular de un Centro de Salud Familiar
(CESFAM).
La metodología que se propuso fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento que poseen
los pacientes, tanto de su enfermedad como de su terapia farmacológica, mediante la
aplicación de una encuesta validada por tres Químicos Farmacéuticos con el fin de
indagar sus necesidades educativas. El instrumento por utilizar debió aplicarse a un
grupo de pacientes para medir la confiabilidad de las preguntas por el método test re-test. Luego, basado en las recomendaciones y experiencias observadas en la literatura
y el análisis de estas experiencias mediante el modelo practico, robusto de
implementación y sostenibilidad (PRIMS), se procedió a proponer un taller de tele-atención farmacéutica.
Los resultados obtenidos consisten en: una encuesta validada desde el punto de vista
de la construcción y la confiabilidad para detectar las necesidades educativas de la
población objetivo. El diseño de un taller en formato de tele-atención farmacéutica
considerando las mejores experiencias encontradas en literatura.
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by a high blood glucose level and this is the result of defects in insulin secretion, its action or both, it has also become one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases of the last decades worldwide. A failure in the production of insulin, its action, or both, generates an increase in glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). If not properly controlled, in the long term, the continuous presence of high blood glucose can cause alterations in the function of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Education in all chronic patients is fundamental, in the diabetic patient it acquires its maximum relevance and becomes essential to ensure that they understand the causes, consequences and the importance of following the treatment that will keep the disease under control. Carrying out effective educational actions with the diabetic patient is not an easy task, it is necessary to apply higher performance methodologies than those traditionally used, since medical care will be useless and ineffective if the patient fails to adapt to the standards of life that are required. his treatment. The main objective of this work was to design a proposal for an educational program in pharmaceutical tele-care format for insulin-requiring diabetic patients, belonging to the cardiovascular program of a Family Health Center (CESFAM). The proposed methodology was to determine the level of knowledge that patients have, both about their disease and their pharmacological therapy, through the application of a survey validated by three Pharmaceutical Chemists to investigate their educational needs. The instrument to be used should have been applied to a group of patients to measure the reliability of the questions by the test-retest method. Then, based on the recommendations and experiences observed in the literature and the analysis of these experiences through the practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRIMS), a pharmaceutical tele-care workshop was proposed. The results obtained consist of: a validated survey from the point of view of construction and reliability to detect the educational needs of the target population. The design of a workshop in pharmaceutical tele-care format considering the best experiences found in literature.
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by a high blood glucose level and this is the result of defects in insulin secretion, its action or both, it has also become one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases of the last decades worldwide. A failure in the production of insulin, its action, or both, generates an increase in glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). If not properly controlled, in the long term, the continuous presence of high blood glucose can cause alterations in the function of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Education in all chronic patients is fundamental, in the diabetic patient it acquires its maximum relevance and becomes essential to ensure that they understand the causes, consequences and the importance of following the treatment that will keep the disease under control. Carrying out effective educational actions with the diabetic patient is not an easy task, it is necessary to apply higher performance methodologies than those traditionally used, since medical care will be useless and ineffective if the patient fails to adapt to the standards of life that are required. his treatment. The main objective of this work was to design a proposal for an educational program in pharmaceutical tele-care format for insulin-requiring diabetic patients, belonging to the cardiovascular program of a Family Health Center (CESFAM). The proposed methodology was to determine the level of knowledge that patients have, both about their disease and their pharmacological therapy, through the application of a survey validated by three Pharmaceutical Chemists to investigate their educational needs. The instrument to be used should have been applied to a group of patients to measure the reliability of the questions by the test-retest method. Then, based on the recommendations and experiences observed in the literature and the analysis of these experiences through the practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRIMS), a pharmaceutical tele-care workshop was proposed. The results obtained consist of: a validated survey from the point of view of construction and reliability to detect the educational needs of the target population. The design of a workshop in pharmaceutical tele-care format considering the best experiences found in literature.
Notas
Seminario (Químico Farmacéutico)
Palabras clave
Farmacias, Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulina