Epidemiologic evaluation for Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus, distemper virus and leptospira in domestics pets, American mink (Neovison vison) and Souther river otter (Lontra provocax) in Southern Chile
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2017
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en
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
The increase in human population and domestic pets, such as dogs and cats, and
introduction of species, such as American mink are generating important
consequences in terms of habitat loss and pathogen pollution of ecosystems with
potential to generate negative impacts in biodiversity. For this, it is essential to
perform studies that illustrate the sanitary situation of Chilean native species,
particularly those with serious conservation problems, like Southern river otter, to
be able to understand and predict how infectious agents spread, and whether they
represent a risk for the conservation of these wild species. In particular, this
investigation seeks to carry out epidemiologic evaluation of four important
infectious agents:
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis,
and is associated to cat abundance and anthropogenic disturbance. The present
study analyzed seroprevalence (modified agglutination test, MAT, cut-off 1:25) and
presence of T. gondii DNA in American mink, Southern river otters and domestic
cats in Southern Chile. Mean seroprevalence of T. gondii was 64% of 151 total
animals sampled: 59% of 73 American mink, 77% of 13 Southern river otters, 68%
of 65 domestic cats. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in tissues from one
American mink and one Southern river otter. The present study confirms the
widespread distribution of T. gondii in Southern Chile, and shows a high exposure
of semiaquatic mustelids and domestic cats to the parasite. Cats and
anthropogenic disturbance have a role in the maintenance of T. gondii infection in
ecosystems of southern Chile.
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Parvovirus and canine distemper virus are important agents that can infect
carnivores, which causes severe disease in Canidae and Mustelidae. Domestic
dogs are considered a problem for public health and for conservation of
endangered species, because it can transmit infections to wildlife, such as
parvovirus and canine distemper virus. This study analyzed, by PCR the presence
of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) and Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in domestic dogs
(n=82), American mink (n=48) and native Southern river otter (13) in the Chilean
Patagonia. One dog and two minks were found positive to CPV, these samples
were confirmed as CPV by sequencing; but which showed 100% identity with CPV,
Feline Panleukopenia and mink Enteritis virus. Non CDV was found.
Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by
pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The North American mink has an
important role in the environmental contamination with Leptospira, as minks live in
aquatic environments and are the predators of rodents. Blood and kidney samples
were obtained from 57 minks in southern Chile 39ºS to 45ºS. Pathogenic species
of Leptospira were detected by PCR on 31/57 minks. To determine the species we
sequenced the 16S rRNA gene on nine of the positive samples. We predicted two
pathogenic species: L. interrogans (five samples) and L. borgpetersenii (four
samples). This study showed that the American mink presents pathogenic species
of Leptospira, and confirm important environmental contamination of Patagonian
rivers and lakes with pathogenic Leptospira.
Notas
Tesis (Doctor en Medicina de la Conservación)
Financial support was given by Universidad Andres Bello project DI 313-13/R and FONDECYT 1100139
Financial support was given by Universidad Andres Bello project DI 313-13/R and FONDECYT 1100139
Palabras clave
Visón Americano, Enfermedades, Chile, Huillín