Biomarcadores asociados a lesiones de origen odontogénico : Scoping review
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Fecha
2020
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La mayoría de las lesiones de origen odontogénico se diagnostican con un examen clínico, radiográfico e histopatológico, pero en algunas circunstancias, esto no es suficiente y es necesario apoyarse de técnicas complementarias, como la inmunohistoquímica. Ésta permite el estudio de marcadores moleculares, que aportan para el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamientos. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar la evidencia científica en los últimos 5 años de los biomarcadores para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de quistes y tumores de origen odontogénico. Materiales y método: Se realizo un Scoping review, basado en la pregunta de Investigación: “¿Cuáles son los biomarcadores en la literatura más actualizada que se relacionan con el diagnóstico y pronóstico de pacientes con lesiones de origen odontogénico?”, buscando en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus y búsquedas manuales., incluyendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: En total, se estudiaron 59 biomarcadores que fueron clasificados según su comportamiento biológico, como marcadores de células madres, proliferación y crecimiento celular, invasión celular, angiogénesis, osteoclastogénesis, entre otras. De estos, ninguno resulto útil para establecer un diagnóstico específico por sí solos, algunos pocos se les podría dar utilidad para establecer un diagnóstico diferencial, como SOX-2, BRAFV600E y CK14/19 y la mayoría podría ser una herramienta útil para predecir un pronóstico de las lesiones. Conclusión: Los biomarcadores son una herramienta prometedora como complemento diagnóstico, pronóstico y terapéutico en la patología moderna. Aunque aún existen limitaciones y los marcadores son muy específicos para cada lesión, hay biomarcadores como SOX-2, BRAFV600 y Ck14/19 que presentan utilidad como diagnóstico diferencial y otros que se relacionan con el pronóstico tumoral como Ki67, CDC77, BMP4 y FGF8, que indican una mayor actividad proliferativa o biomarcadores indicadores de angiogénesis como VEGF-A y ORM-1 que se asocian a una mayor neoformación vascular, por ende, a una mayor agresividad y potencial metastásico. Pero debido a que no todos los resultados son igual de concluyentes, faltarían más estudios que acrediten su utilidad, por lo tanto, no todos están listos para su uso clínico rutinario.
The majority of lesions of odontogenic origin are diagnosed with a clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination, but in some circumstances, this is not enough and it is necessary to lean on complementary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry. This allows the study of molecular markers, which contribute to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatments. The aim of this work is to synthesize the scientific evidence in the last 5 years of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cysts and tumors of odontogenic origin. Materials and method: A Scoping review was carried out, based on the research question: "What are the most up-to-date biomarkers in the literature related to the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with injuries of odontogenic origin", searching the PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus databases and manual searches, including inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, 59 biomarkers were studied and classified according to their biological behaviour, such as stem cell markers, cell proliferation and growth, cell invasion, angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, among others. Of these, none was useful to establish a specific diagnosis on its own, a few could be useful to establish a differential diagnosis, such as SOX-2, BRAFV600E and CK14/19 and most could be a useful tool to predict a prognosis of injuries. Conclusion: Biomarkers are a promising tool as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic complement in modern pathology. Although there are still limitations and the markers are very specific for each lesion, there are biomarkers such as SOX-2, BRAFV600 and Ck14/19 that present utility as differential diagnosis and others that are related to tumor prognosis such as Ki67, CDC77, BMP4 and FGF8, which indicate a greater proliferative activity or biomarkers indicating angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and ORM-1 that are associated with greater vascular neoformation, therefore, greater aggressiveness and metastatic potential. But since not all the results are equally conclusive, there would be a lack of more studies to prove their usefulness, therefore, not all of them are ready for routine clinical use.
The majority of lesions of odontogenic origin are diagnosed with a clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination, but in some circumstances, this is not enough and it is necessary to lean on complementary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry. This allows the study of molecular markers, which contribute to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatments. The aim of this work is to synthesize the scientific evidence in the last 5 years of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cysts and tumors of odontogenic origin. Materials and method: A Scoping review was carried out, based on the research question: "What are the most up-to-date biomarkers in the literature related to the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with injuries of odontogenic origin", searching the PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus databases and manual searches, including inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, 59 biomarkers were studied and classified according to their biological behaviour, such as stem cell markers, cell proliferation and growth, cell invasion, angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, among others. Of these, none was useful to establish a specific diagnosis on its own, a few could be useful to establish a differential diagnosis, such as SOX-2, BRAFV600E and CK14/19 and most could be a useful tool to predict a prognosis of injuries. Conclusion: Biomarkers are a promising tool as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic complement in modern pathology. Although there are still limitations and the markers are very specific for each lesion, there are biomarkers such as SOX-2, BRAFV600 and Ck14/19 that present utility as differential diagnosis and others that are related to tumor prognosis such as Ki67, CDC77, BMP4 and FGF8, which indicate a greater proliferative activity or biomarkers indicating angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and ORM-1 that are associated with greater vascular neoformation, therefore, greater aggressiveness and metastatic potential. But since not all the results are equally conclusive, there would be a lack of more studies to prove their usefulness, therefore, not all of them are ready for routine clinical use.
Notas
Trabajo de titulación (Cirujano Dentista, Licenciado en Odontología)
Palabras clave
Dientes, Heridas, Lesiones, etc., Estudio de Casos, Huesos Faciales, Quistes, Diagnóstico por Imagen, Chile