Examinando por Autor "Contreras-Osorio, F."
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Ítem Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Executive Functions among Primary School Children(MDPI, 2022-03) Contreras-Osorio, F.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.; Cerda-Vega, E.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.; Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Campos-Jara, C.Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10–12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = −0.55 to −0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to −0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions.Ítem Effects of the Type of Sports Practice on the Executive Functions of Schoolchildren(MDPI, 2022-03) Contreras-Osorio, F.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.; Cerda-Vega, E.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.; Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Campos-Jara, C.There is a close relationship between the development of complex motor skills and executive functions during childhood. This study aimed to analyze the differences in different dimensions of executive functions in children practicing an open-skill sport (handball) and a closed-skill sport (athletics) and controls who did not participate in sports activities after a 12-week intervention period. School-aged male and female subjects (n = 90; mean ± standard deviation = 11.45 ± 0.68 years) participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Data analysis was performed using the STATA V.15 statistical software. The athletics intervention promoted semantic fluency (p = 0.007), whereas handball increased inhibition (p = 0.034). Additionally, physical activity improved in both intervention groups (p = < 0.001), whereas sprint performance improved in the handball group following intervention (p = 0.008), lower body muscular power improved in athletics (p = 0.04), and evidence of improvement in upper body muscular strength was noted in handball (p = 0.037). In turn, an increase in the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children score showed an association with the Standard Ten scores of executive functions. In conclusion, compared to controls, both athletics and handball induced meaningful improvements in physical activity and executive functions. However, sport-specific adaptations were noted after athletics (i.e., semantic fluency and lower body muscular power) and handball (i.e., inhibition, sprint, and upper-body muscular strength).Ítem Pharmacological treatment for challenging behavior in adults with intellectual disability: Systematic review and meta-analysis(Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría and Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría Biológica, 2023-01) Campos-Jara, R.; Martínez-Salazar, C.; Campos-Jara, Ch.; Fernándezx, J.; Martínez-García, D.; Contreras-Osorio, F.Introduction Few evidence on the use of antipsychotics in people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors, generates the need to develop studies that contribute to collect, compare and synthesize the available information. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the clinical efficacy of antipsychotic medication in reducing critical episodes in this population. Methods We searched Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Embase, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials of antipsychotic medication versus placebo. Preliminarily yielded 1354 abstracts and citations; six studies with 274 subjects met the inclusion criteria of studies with experimental design, longitudinal type, with pre- and post-intervention measurements. Results There is evidence for the use of psychotropic drugs in the acute management of challenging behaviors in patients with intellectual disability (SMD = −0.85; 95% CI = −1.69 to −0.01; p = 0.05). Conclusions Our results coincide with the recommendations on the efficacy of the use of antipsychotics. Although our study provides evidence, the limited number of studies included in this research does not allow us to obtain totally conclusive results, although it can be considered as a guide for future studies.