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Early life factors and white matter microstructure in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project
(Churchill Livingstone, 2022-01) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Verdejo-Román, Juan; Labayen, Idoia; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.
Background & aims: Exposure to a suboptimal environment during the fetal and early infancy period's results in long-term consequences for brain morphology and function. We investigated the associations of early life factors such as anthropometric neonatal data (i.e., birth length, birth weight and birth head circumference) and breastfeeding practices (i.e., exclusive and any breastfeeding) with white matter (WM) microstructure, and ii) we tested whether WM tracts related to early life factors are associated with academic performance in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: 96 overweight/obese children (10.03 ± 1.16 years; 38.7% girls) were included from the ActiveBrains Project. WM microstructure indicators used were fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Academic performance was evaluated with the Battery III Woodcock–Muñoz Tests of Achievement. Regression models were used to examine the associations of the early life factors with tract-specific FA and MD, as well as its association with academic performance. Results: Head circumference at birth was positively associated with FA of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus tract (0.441; p = 0.005), as well as negatively associated with MD of the cingulate gyrus part of cingulum (−0.470; p = 0.006), corticospinal (−0.457; p = 0.005) and superior thalamic radiation tract (−0.476; p = 0.001). Association of birth weight, birth length and exclusive breastfeeding with WM microstructure did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction. None tract related to birth head circumference was associated with academic performance (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results highlighted the importance of the perinatal growth in WM microstructure later in life, although its possible academic implications remain inconclusive. © 2021 The Author(s)
Configuración Dermatoglífica, ACTN3 y ECA: Un estudio transcultural en deportistas de diferentes Disciplinas
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio; Castillo-Quezada, Humberto; Peña-Troncoso, Sebastián; Joao, Andrea; Moraga Muñoz, Rodrigo; Cresp-Barria, Mauricio; Caniuqueo-Vargas, Alexis; Fernandes da Silva, Sandro; Fernandes Filho, Jose
El rendimiento físico se ha asociado con diferentes variantes genéticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre características dermatoglíficas y los genotipos ACTN3 y ECA. La muestra la constituyen 82 seleccionados nacionales de diferentes modalidades deportivas de Brasil, Japón y Chile. Los marcadores ACTN3 y ECA se obtuvieron a través de una muestra de saliva y se analizaron mediante el empleo de cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real a partir del iQ5ThermalCycler, BioRad, mientras que para la configuración dermatoglifica se utilizó un lector de huella digital Verifier® 320 LC 2.0. Estos deportistas fueron clasificados en grupos de acuerdo a la configuración de sus patrones dermatoglíficos (A, L, W, D10 y SQTL) en los siguientes grupos: aeróbicos (n= 27); anaeróbicos (n= 55). En cuanto a la frecuencia de aparición de polimorfismos, para ambos grupos predomina el genotipo RX 48,0% y 49,1% de ACTN3, y DI 68,0% y 41,3% para ECA, en los grupos aeróbico y anaeróbico respectivamente. En el grupo aeróbico se observa una asociación muy alta entre ACTN3 con presilla, verticilo y D10 (r=0,90), en el grupo anaeróbico solo observa asociación alta en presilla (r=0,77), para el gen ECA se observan asociaciones moderadas entre presilla, verticilo y D10 (r=0,45), en el grupo aeróbico. Conclusión: Las características dermatoglíficas pueden estar asociados con la variante alélica del gen ACTN3 (RR) y ECA (DI), para perfiles deportivos de carácter anaeróbico.
Impacto de la actividad física programada sobre el rendimiento motor de preescolares
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Zapata Lamana, Rafael; Cigarroa Cuevas, Igor; Monsalves Álvarez, Matías; Cenzano Castillo, Lizette; Illanes Aguilar, Lucía; Matus-Castillo, Carlos; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe
El estudio de la relación entre el desarrollo de patrones motores y los niveles de actividad física en la infancia, ha tomado un renovado interés con el objetivo de reorientar las prácticas en este grupo etario. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar el efecto de una intervención de 12 semanas, mediante la ejecución de circuitos de actividad física, sobre el rendimiento motor en preescolares, la muestra seleccionada fue un grupo de niños y niñas de entre 4-6 años, que para efectos de la investigación se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo a su estado nutricional: normopeso (n=12) y sobrepeso/obesidad (n=9).Corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo, en el que se evaluó IMC/edad, circunferencia de cintura y rendimiento motor. De acuerdo con los resultados se logró evidenciar que existen mejoras significativas en el rendimiento motor del grupo normopeso, específicamente en el equilibrio, salto y carrera y en el grupo con sobrepeso/obesidad, solo hubo una mejora en la carrera. En conclusión, una intervención de actividad física, mediante circuitos, mejoró el rendimiento motor en la muestra de preescolares, principalmente en el grupo con estado nutricional normal.
Comparative study of the abstraction skill level in undergraduate and graduate students
(AUFOP, 2023) Aravena-Gaete, Margarita; Ruete Zuñiga, David; Flores-Noya, Diana; Moncada-Sánchez, José
Higher thinking skills are one of the premises that higher education organizations are developing through various cognitive strategies, in both undergraduate and postgraduate areas. The main objective of this research is to compare the level of abstraction skill in both level students, to establish thinking strategies of a high cognitive level. A quantitative methodology was used, complemented by descriptive one, statistical design and a classification analysis of 5 experiments programmed in R language, applied to a sample of two teacher training courses in Grandad University, Spain, where a strategy test was implemented (N = 81). The results highlight the good levels of abstraction of the students with an optimal level of 30.9%, a good level of 23.5%, a satisfactory level of 37.0% and an unsatisfactory level of 8.6%. The female gender had better performance with 13.3 points over the male gender. In the case of the Pegagogy Program (undergraduate students), they obtained a better level of abstraction than those of the Master (Postgraduate Program). It is concluded that the strategies used to develop high cognitive levels must be diverse and with a formative intention, and with an explicit teaching of skills and the reason for their use in these teacher training programs. Finally, teachers must be aware that lower cognitive skills are required to achieve higher ones, because abstraction requires previous skills such as analyzing and synthesizing to be able to achieve it. © 2023, AUFOP. All rights reserved.
Economic self-sufficiency and the employment outcomes of care leavers: A 10-year follow up
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-08) Zeira, Anat; Refaeli, Tehila; Achdut, Netta; Benbenishty, Rami
Gaining employment and reaching a stable and self-sufficient livelihood are essential life tasks, especially for young people ageing out of public care. This longitudinal study followed alumni of welfare and educational residential care settings in Israel for 10 years after leaving care. Here, we describe care leavers' employment and economic self-sufficiency outcomes and examine differences over time in their experiences. They were interviewed at the age of 19, 1-year post-care (N = 235), 3 years later (N = 222) and 10 years after ageing out (N = 151). Results paint a mixed picture. While the majority of participants were employed, many in stable jobs, their wages were low even as they grow older. At the same time, they experienced significant economic hardships. For some, economic hardship decreased with time, but for others it remained a cause for concern. Our findings highlight the inherent dependency between experiences at different life stages and suggest that providing more support to care leavers would improve their economic outcomes. © 2022 The Authors. Child & Family Social Work published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Análisis del desarrollo infantil en escolares de 5 a 6 años de zona rural y urbana de la Región del Bíobío, Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Luna-Villouta, Pablo; Pacheco-Carrillo, Jaime; Matus-Castillo, Carlos; Valdés-Ebner, Martín; Fernández-Vera, Daniela; Castillo-Quezada, Humberto; Flores-Rivera, Carol
El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias en el desarrollo infantil en las dimensiones de motricidad, lenguaje, cognición y estado socioemocional en escolares de cinco y seis años pertenecientes a una escuela rural y otra urbana de la región del Biobío en Chile. El estudio fue observacional de corte transversal, con características descriptivas y analíticas. La muestra fue compuesta por 28 escolares de ambos sexos, distribuidos en siete niñas y siete niños de una zona rural (5.7±0.5 años) y siete niñas y siete niños de una zona urbana (5.6±0.6 años), seleccionada de forma no probabilística por conveniencia. Se evaluó el desarrollo infantil por medio del Test de Aprendizaje del Desarrollo Infantil (TADI). Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas en los puntajes promedio de las dimensiones motriz y cognitiva (p˂0.05), con mejores resultados en los escolares de la zona rural. No hubo diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de lenguaje y estado socioemocional (p˃0.05), además se evidencia una relación positiva directa entre las dimensiones motriz y socioemocional para la zona urbana (p˂0.05). Se concluye que existen diferencias significativas en el desarrollo infantil entre los escolares pertenecientes a la zona rural y a la zona urbana, específicamente en las dimensiones motriz y cognitiva, con mejores resultados para los escolares de la zona rural.
Perfil Antropométrico de Futbolistas profesionales de acuerdo a la posición ocupada en el Campo de Juego
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio; Castillo-Quezada, Humberto; Peña-Troncoso, Sebastián; Hermosilla-Palma, Felipe; Pavez-Adasme, Gustavo; da Silva, Sandro Fernandes; Caniuqueo-Vargas, Alexis; Cresp-Barria, Mauricio; González, Hugo Velásquez; Filho, Jose Fernandes
Objective: Analyze the anthropometric characteristics of Chilean professional soccer players divided according to the position they occupy in the field of play. Method: One hundred and fifty-eight (n = 158) professional soccer players divided into Archers (AR) Defenses (DEF) Volantes (VOL) and Forwards (FOR), with average Age values (24.2 ±4.76 years, body mass 75.0±7.28 kg and height 175.7±6.32 cm.), All belonging to the Ñublense Sports Club of the city of Chillan, Chile. An assessment of the body composition was made using the 5 component fractionation, somatotype, body mass index, sum of six skinfolds and the muscle-bone relationship, following the protocol of the International Society for the Advancements of Kinanthropometry. Results: Regarding body composition, mean values of Adipose Mass = 21.7%, Muscular Mass = 48.9%, Residual Mass = 12.4%, Bone Mass = 11.4% and Skin Mass = 5.2% were obtained. In relation to the somatotype, a balanced mesomorphic classification was obtained with mean values 2.5 - 5.4 - 2.1. Conclusion: According to the position they occupy on the pitch, the professional players of the Ñublense soccer club present a somatotype similar to that of other national and international soccer players, where the balanced mesomorphic component predominates. However, there is an increase in the percentages of adipose mass (AM) and a smaller stature, compared to international soccer players, which can determine clear differences in performance with respect to playing positions in competitive situations. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF).
The Subjective Well-Being of Children in Residential Care: Has It Changed in Recent Years?
(MDPI, 2022-01) Montserrat, Carme; Llosada-Gistau, Joan; Garcia-Molsosa, Marta; Casas, Ferran
The subjective well-being of children in residential care is a relevant issue given the practical implications for improving the lives of these children who live in contexts of vulnerability. The question addressed in this respect was: “How does this well-being change over the years”? Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the subjective well-being displayed by adolescents aged 11–14 in residential care in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain) in 2014 to that displayed by adolescents in residential care in 2020. To this end, 572 responses to a questionnaire adapted from the Children’s Worlds project (364 from 2014 and 208 from 2020) were analysed with respect to the life satisfaction items. In both 2014 and 2020, the questionnaires had the same wording, and data were disaggregated by gender. No significant differences in means were observed between most of the life satisfaction items in 2014 and 2020, with the exception of satisfaction with friends and classmates and the area where you live, with lower means for these items in 2020. There is a discussion of the possible influence of COVID-19 on these results, while the overall stability of these children’s subjective well-being over the years is highlighted. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Physiological Response and Sports Injury Risk Relevant Biomechanics in Endurance Obstacle Course Races
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-10) Rey-Mota, Jorge; Álvarez, David Martín-Caro; Onate-Figuérez, Ana; Yañez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Obstacle course races (OCR) have experienced significant growth in recent years, with millions of participants worldwide. However, there is limited research on the specific physiological demands and injury prevention strategies required for these events. This study aimed to analyze the physiological responses and injury risks in participants of a 5 km (Sprint) and 13 km (Super) OCR. Sixty-eight participants were assessed for cortical arousal, leg strength, isometric handgrip strength, blood lactate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, urine composition, spirometry values, hamstring flexibility, lower limb stability, foot biomechanics, and scapular kinematics, one hour before and immediately after the races. The results showed a significant decrease in leg strength (Sprint: r = −0.56, p < 0.01; Super: r = −0.54, p = 0.01) and urine pH (Sprint: r = −0.70, p = 0.03; Super: r = −0.67, p = 0.01) in both distances, with increases in urine colour, protein, and glucose (Sprint: p < 0.04). In the 13 km race, lower limb stability decreased significantly post-race (r = −0.53, p = 0.01). Positive correlations were found between performance and pre-race handgrip strength (Sprint: r = 0.71, p = 0.001; Super: r = 0.72, p = 0.01) and spirometry values (FVC, FEF 25–75%, FEV1) (Sprint: r = 0.52, p = 0.031; Super: r = 0.48, p = 0.035). Thermoregulation capacity, reflected in a higher pre-race body temperature and lower post-race body temperature, also correlated with improved performance (r = 0.49, p = 0.046). Injury risk increased post-race, with a significant decline in lower limb stability (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of targeted training programs, focusing on grip strength, leg strength, respiratory muscle training, and hydration strategies to optimize performance and reduce injury risk in OCR athletes.
The effects of physical activity on white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity: The ActiveBrains randomized clinical trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-01) Rodriguez-Ayllon, Maria; Verdejo-Roman, Juan; Lesnovskaya, Alina; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Catena, Andrés; Erickson, Kirk I.; Ortega, Francisco B; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Background: Emerging research supports the idea that physical activity benefits brain development. However, the body of evidence focused on understanding the effects of physical activity on white matter microstructure during childhood is still in its infancy, and further well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed. Aim: This study aimed: (i) to investigate the effects of a 20-week physical activity intervention on global white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity, and (ii) to explore whether the effect of physical activity on white matter microstructure is global or restricted to a particular set of white matter bundles. Methods: In total, 109 children aged 8 to 11 years with overweight or obesity were randomized and allocated to either the physical activity program or the control group. Data were collected from November 2014 to June 2016, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data processing and analyses conducted between June 2017 and November 2021. Images were pre-processed using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain´s Software Library (FSL) and white matter properties were explored by probabilistic fiber tractography and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Results: Intention-to-treat analyses were performed for all children who completed the pre-test and post-test DTI assessment, with good quality DTI data (N = 89). Of them, 83 children (10.06±1.11 years, 39 % girls, intervention group=44) met the per-protocol criteria (attended at least 70 % of the recommended sessions). Our probabilistic fiber tractography analysis did not show any effects in terms of global and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the per-protocol or intention-to-treat analyses. Additionally, we did not observe any effects on the voxel-wise DTI parameters (i.e., FA and MD) using the most restricted TBSS approach (i.e., per protocol analyses and p-corrected image with a statistical threshold of p < 0.05). In the intention-to-treat analysis, we found that our physical activity program had a borderline effect (p-corrected image with a statistical threshold of p < 0.1) on 7 different clusters, including a cluster in the corpus callosum. Conclusion: We conclude that a 20-week physical activity intervention was not enough to induce changes in global and tract-specific white matter during childhood. The effects of physical activity on white matter microstructure could be restricted to local changes in several white matter tracts (e.g., the body of the corpus callosum). However, our results were not significant, and more interventions are needed to determine whether and how physical activity affects white matter microstructure during childhood. © 2023 The Authors
BELIEFS OF PRE-SERVICE AND IN-SERVICE TEACHERS ABOUT EDUCATION WITH A GENDER IDENTITY PERSPECTIVE
(UNIVERSIDADE FEEVALE, 2023) Mendoza Lira, Michelle; Standen Lillo, Kristen; Pinto Lillo, Javiera
The recognition of and respect for gender diversity has become an important challenge for the educational system. The following research aimed to understand the beliefs of teachers in training and in practice about education with a gender identity perspective. For this purpose, and from a qualitative phenomenological approach, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted: five with teachers in training and five with practicing teachers, all of them with educational experiences with students from the LGBTQ+ community. Four categories emerged from the interviews analyzed through qualitative content analysis: (1) Definition of gender identity; (2) Student profile; (3) Incorporation of gender identity in the classroom; and (4) Training in education with a gender identity perspective. The main findings reveal positive beliefs regarding education with a gender identity approach, associated with the conviction that the collaborative work of the school community is essential for a paradigm shift. However, there is a lack of theoretical and practical resources that meet the educational needs of LGBTQ+ students. It is concluded that there is a need to establish training spaces in this area both for teachers in training and in practice, in order to move towards an egalitarian, fair and inclusive education. © 2023 UNIVERSIDADE FEEVALEÂ. All rights reserved.
Luz Horne Futuros menores. Filosofías del tiempo y arquitecturas del mundo desde Brasil
(Universidad Andres Bello, 2023-07) Herbas, Francesca
Futuros menores. Filosofías del tiempo y arquitecturas del mundo desde Brasil es el segundo libro publicado de Luz Horne, doctora en literatura latinoamericana por la universidad de Yale y licenciada en filosofía por la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En su labor como investigadora se interesa principalmente por el cruce entre literatura, filosofía y estética. Su libro se pregunta por las epistemologías vernáculas latinoamericanas y sus formas de imaginar futuros alternativos a los futuros monumentales. Futuros menores en su introducción y en el capítulo I presenta la discusión filosófica que se profundiza más adelante. A partir del cuento As margens da Alegria de Joao Guimarães Rosa, se ejemplifica el concepto al que se refiere Horne con futuros menores, que remite a la capacidad de percibir el mundo fuera de las dicotomías entre lo monumental y lo apocalíptico, imaginando pequeños instantes que se disgregan de esos relatos.
¿El oasis chileno?: el funcionamiento del discurso neoliberal de la felicidad visto a través del estallido social en Chile
(Departamento de Filosofia y Sociedad, Complutense University of Madrid, 2022) Garay-Rivera, José
En este ensayo presentamos una reflexión sobre el funcionamiento de ciertos discursos sobre la felicidad propios de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal a la luz del llamado “estallido social” en Chile. En primer lugar, analizamos la relación de estos discursos felicitarios con el neoliberalismo en tanto telón de fondo de donde emergen, para luego examinar la hipótesis que los posiciona como una tecnología de control que operaría de modo calvinista, esto es: a partir de una lógica centrada en la maximización del bienestar individual, la positividad, el optimismo, la auto-exigencia y la libertad personal, como formas de capitalizar el sufrimiento social. En otras palabras, la explotación del sujeto sobre sí mismo bajo la promesa de la felicidad futura: valdrá la pena el sufrimiento si mañana soy feliz. Sostenemos que no es posible desechar la opción de que esta lógica efectivamente ha operado en el contexto chileno y, a su vez, ha sido parte del malestar social acumulado en tanto resulta una promesa incumplida. Por lo mismo, reflexionamos sobre el “estallido social” como una lucha particular que representa una resistencia a esta y otras tecnologías de subjetivación neoliberal, y lo analizamos a partir de una de las aristas más fértiles de la teoría foucaultiana: donde hay poder, hay resistencia.
Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07) Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Beltrán-Velasco, Ana Isabel; Redondo-Flórez, Laura; Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Tornero-Aguilera, José Francisco
This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the complex interactions among the neural, hormonal, and metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The key topics discussed include the role of organs, hormones, and neural circuits in maintaining metabolic balance. The review investigates the association between neuro-vulnerability and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and eating disorders, considering genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence neuro-vulnerability and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Neuroendocrine interactions and the neural regulation of food intake and energy expenditure are examined, with a focus on the impact of neuro-vulnerability on appetite dysregulation and altered energy expenditure. The role of neuroinflammation in metabolic health and neuro-vulnerability is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory processes. This review also evaluates the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying neuro-vulnerability and their potential applications in clinical settings. Furthermore, the association between neuro-vulnerability and eating disorders, as well as its contribution to obesity, is examined. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuro-vulnerability, including pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications, are reviewed. In conclusion, understanding the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their implications for metabolic health. Targeting neuro-vulnerability holds promise for developing innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, ultimately improving metabolic health outcomes. © 2023 by the authors.
Laughing at Politicians to Make Justice: The Moral Component of Humor in Appraising Politicians
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Mendiburo-Seguel, Andrés; Alenda, Stephanie; Páez, Darío; Navia, Patricio
A recent line of research in the field of humor has proposed the existence of two morally based comic styles. One of them, corrective humor (or satire), seeks to ridicule and mock to establish justice. In contrast, benevolent humor attempts to correct deviances using humor in a friendly manner understanding human imperfections. Considering their focus on correcting what is perceived as morally wrong, in this study we seek to examine how these styles can affect the evaluation that is made of politicians after being exposed to humor that attacks them. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment in which three groups had to evaluate two politicians after being exposed to different stimuli (memes that ridiculed them, images with the same content without its humorous content, or no exposure; total n = 160). Our results demonstrate that it is corrective humor and not benevolent humor that influences the evaluation and that it does so positively; people with higher scores in corrective humor have a better evaluation of politicians after seeing memes with anti-politician content. We discuss possible explanations for this finding and implications for political psychology and humor studies. © The Author(s) 2023.
Relación entre las características antropométricas, composición corporal y capacidad física en estudiantes de la comuna de Quintero, Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; de Souza Lima, Josivaldo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Prat-Lopicich, Arturo; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge
The objective of this study was to determine the level of relationship between anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and physical capacities in schoolchildren from the Quintero commune. 135 students aged 11.07 ± 2.3 years participated in the research.Anthropometric variables were measured using the ISAK protocol.The BMI weight / height2, fat percentage with the Slaughter formula, and the conicity index with the Valdez formula. An adaptation of the EUROFIT® battery was used to measure physical capacities. The variables were correlated and associated with Pearson’s R test and R2 through a linear regression model.The significance level was set at p <0.05.The results show a significant relationship between the variables of body composition with the abdominal test (p <.001), flexibility (p = 0.019), horizontal jump (p <.001), 20 meters flat (p <.001), push-ups (p <.001), Vo2máx (p <.001), handgrip strength in dominant hand (p <.001) and non-dominant hand (p <.001). The percentage of fat mass is the variable that has the highest level of relationship with physical capacities. © 2022 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Adolescents' chronotype and its association with obesity-related outcomes: The EHDLA study
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024-10) Duarte Junior, Miguel Angelo; Mesas, Arthur Eumann; Chen, Sitong; Mello, Júlio B.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Memon, Aamir Raoof; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Objective: This study aimed to assess associations between chronotype and obesity-related indicators in a sample of Spanish adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from The Eating Healthy and DailyLife Activities (EHDLA) Study, which included a representative sample of adolescentsfrom Spain. A total of 820 adolescents (54.7% girls) aged 12–17 years were includedin the analyses. The adolescents' chronotype was determined using the Morning-ness/Eveningness Scale in Children. Obesity-related indicators included body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, triceps and medial calf skinfolds,sum of skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Generalized linear models were used toexamine the relationship between the Morningness-Eveningness score and chrono-type status and the above-mentioned obesity-related indicators in adolescents. Allanalyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, sleep duration, physicalactivity, sedentary behaviour, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and energyintake.Results: The morningness chronotype was associated with higher abdominal obesity(odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.50; p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.01, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05;p = 0.029) and skinfold calves (B = 1.04 95% CI 0.24 to 1.94; p = 0.011), comparedwith the intermediate chronotype.Conclusion: Adolescents with a morningness chronotype may be more prone toabdominal obesity than their counterparts with an intermediate chronotype. Effec-tive intervention-related approaches can be applied to those with a morningnesschronotype
Periodontal disease and brain amyloid pathology in mild cognitive impairment
(Spanish Society of Neurology, 2024) Gil-Montoya J.A.; Gerez-Muñoz M.J.; Triviño-Ibáñez E.; Carrera-Muñoz I.; Bravo M.; Rashki M.; Solis-Urra P.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Gómez-Río M.
Increases in brain -amyloid protein (A) levels have been demonstrated in animal models following oral inoculation of periodontopathogens or their enzyme gingipain. We investigated the association between periodontitis and brain A protein levels in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: An observational study was designed. All participants underwent a periodontal examination and an amyloid-PET scan. Subsequently, the following groups were established: MCI and suspected Alzheimer disease (AD) (MCI/A+ group) (n = 45); MCI and suspected non-AD pathology (MCI/A— group) (n = 59); cognitively healthy elderly individuals with negative PET-amyloid scan results (non-MCI/A— group) (n = 60). Results: Patients with moderate-severe periodontitis had a higher risk of abnormal accumulation of A in the brain, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30—8.26) when comparing patients from the MCI/A+ and MCI/A— groups, and an OR of 4.94 (95% CI, 1.65—14.84) when comparing the MCI/A+ group against the non-MCI/A— group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that periodontal disease may be associated with anomalous accumulation of cerebral A protein in older people, independently of cognitive impairment.
Prevalence of sports injuries in Para Athletics throwers - a retrospective cohort study
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2024-08) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Silva, Bruno; Zaras, Nikolaos; Azocar-Gallardo, Jairo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Introduction: Non-disabled throwing athletes face unique challenges related to injuries and pain in the upper body due to high demands placed on the shoulders and upper limbs. However, there is limited research on the epidemiology of sports injuries in para athletes participating in the Para Athletics throwing events. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the types of injuries and their prevalence among Para Athletics throwers (PATs) Material and methods: The main outcome was the 12-month prevalence of sports injury. Data were collected from PATs of any level, using an online questionnaire, and was analysed by calculating median, interquartile range, frequencies, percentages, and confidence intervals (CI). The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyse differences in injury prevalence and injury onset between different sub-groups. Results: The study included 60 PATs (42 men, 18 women) with a variety of impairments. The 12-month period prevalence of injury was 40% (n = 24; 95% CI: 27.5-53.4), with the highest prevalence observed in athletes with blindness/ low vision and intellectual impairments (75%, 95% CI: 19.4-99.4). Injuries affected primarily the shoulders (22.8%) and elbows (25.3%). The most common type of injuries were muscle strains (30%) and tendinopathies (25%). The proportion of injuries did not differ significantly between sub-groups. Most injuries (88.6%) occurred during training. Conclusions: Para athletic throwers are at greater risk of injuries in the upper extremities, and this highlights the importance of tailored injury prevention programs. It is crucial to mitigate the risk of injuries to the complex and vulnerable shoulder girdle in athletes with existing impairments.
Project-Based Learning as a Strategy in Physical Education Teacher Training: Creating A Cultural Route Promoting Active Commuting
(Eurasian Society of Educational Research, 2023-07) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo
This study analyzes the narrated reflection of the students in relation to their learning, based on the perceptions that emerge from their experience in the development of the project. Participants were 53 fourth year Pedagogy in Physical Education students, with an average age of 24.3, who were divided into 13 groups. A qualitative study that used the narrated reflection of the students in relation to learning, based on a driving question. In order to help guide the students’ work, and to collect the perceptions they experienced during their participation, the following four components were integrated into the development of the project and included in the final product: a) historical and heritage sites, b) technology used to measure energy expenditure, c) type of active commuting, d) reflection on what was learned. The students designed 13 routes of active commuting through the city, which included different cultural, heritage and historical landmarks. The students analyzed the learning experience, highlighting the importance of knowing and caring for the heritage of the different cities around which they traveled. PBL can be a didactic alternative in initial Physical Education teacher training to achieve learning by linking subject content with the motivations and interests of the students. © 2023 Eurasian Society of Educational Research. All rights reserved.

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