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Analysis of speeds in the 400-meter hurdles and gender differences: A study from the Paris 2024 Olympics
(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastias, Daniel; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Bonilla, Diego A.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro
Background/objectives. This study aims to analyse the speed differences between men and women in the 400 meters during the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. Average speeds in each segment of the race were evaluated, highlighting gender variations and performance across the different rounds of the competition. Methods. A descriptive observational study was conducted using data from 208 athletes (50% women). Average speeds per 50-meter segments were analysed across all rounds (heats, semifinals, and final), applying Student's t-tests to compare results between genders. The significance level was set at p <.05. Results. The average speeds showed significant differences between sexes in all segments of the race (p <.05). The largest difference was observed in the first 150 meters, where men outpaced women by a margin of 0.97 km/h. By 250 meters, the difference decreased to 0.43 km/h. In the final rounds, the winners reached maximum speeds of 36.87 km/h (men) and 32.48 km/h (women). Conclusion. Men exhibit a biomechanical advantage in the race's early stages, while both sexes strategically adjust their pacing in the final rounds. These findings suggest that gender differences in performance are linked to both physiological and biomechanical fact ors. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española
Information Literacy in Teacher Training: A Systematic Literature Review
(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 0025) Barbosa-Chacón, Jorge Winston; Martínez-Líbano, Jonathan; Mendoza Lira, Michelle
The development of information literacy, referring to access, evaluation and use of information, has a significant role in teacher training. In this respect, we share a study whose objective was to analyze aspects of the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of information literacy research in teacher training, a challenge undertaken from a 2013-2023 systematic review of 24 Scopus and Web of Science articles. The results reveal the prevalence of the quantitative approach. Also, research objectives were framed into four study axes: evaluation, training, the relationship with other competencies, and other actors. © 2025, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.
Association of muscular strength and targeted proteomics involved in brain health in children with overweight/obesity
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-09) Olvera-Rojas, Marcos; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Toval, Angel; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Ortega, Francisco B.
Muscular strength has been positively associated with better brain health indicators during childhood obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the positive impact of muscular strength in brain health are poorly understood. We aimed to study the association of muscular strength with neurology-related circulating proteins in plasma in children with overweight/obesity and to explore the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a confounder. The participants were 86 Caucasian children (10.1 ± 1.1 years old; 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project. Muscular strength was measured by field and laboratory tests. CRF was assessed with an incremental treadmill test. Olink's technology was used to quantify 92 neurology-related proteins in plasma. Protein–protein interactions were computed using the STRING website. Muscular strength was positively associated with 12 proteins (BetaNGF, CDH6, CLEC10A, CLM1, FcRL2, HAGH, IL12, LAIR2, MSR1, SCARB2, SMOC2, and TNFRSF12A), and negatively associated with 12 proteins (CLEC1B, CTSC, CTSS, gal-8, GCP5, NAAA, NrCAM, NTRK2, PLXNB3, RSPO1, sFRP3, and THY1). After adjustment for CRF, muscular strength was positively associated with eight proteins (BetaNGF, CDH6, CLEC10A, FcRL2, LAIR2, MSR1, SCARB2, and TNFRSF12A) and negatively associated with two proteins (gal-8 and NrCAM). After applying FDR correction, only CLEC10A remained statistically significant. In conclusion, muscular strength was associated with blood circulating proteins involved in several biological processes, particularly anti-inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, beta amyloid clearance, and neuronal action potential propagation. More powered studies are warranted in pediatric populations to contrast or confirm our findings. © 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Validation of the Chilean perceived physical literacy instrument (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean girls, boys and adolescents between 10 and 18 years old
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Inostroza-Mondaca, Mauricio; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo; García-Hermoso, Antonio; Pardo Tamayo, Carolina; Muñoz-Hinrichsen, Fernando
Introduction: Motor literacy promotes participation and maintenance of adequate levels of physical activity throughout the life cycle, reduces sedentary behavior, and improves health markers and quality of life in children and adolescents (NNA). Therefore, valid and reliable instruments are required to determine motor literacy in NNA). Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the "Chilean Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument" (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean children and adolescents aged 10 to 18. Methodology: A process of cultural adaptation and content validation was developed with three experts using the Delphi methodology, content validation coefficient, and construct validation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with female participants (n=134; 13.8±2.05 years) and male participants (n=146; 14.4±2.17 years). Results: The expert validation presented content validation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.94 (i.e., “good” to “excellent”). The model fit measures presented “satisfactory” values (Root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA=0.07; p<0.001]). The EFA grouped items into one factor, presenting “high” reliability values (α=0.822 and ω=0.829). In items 1 to 5 and the total Ch-PPLI, boys presented higher values than girls (all p<0.05). In items 2 to 5, 7, 9, and the total Ch-PPLI, the active population (physical activity level questionnaire >5 points) presented higher values versus the physically inactive population (all p<0.05).Discussion: Compare the research results with other findings from the literature. Conclusions: The Ch-PPLI showed validity and reliability in Chilean children from 10 to 18 years old. The Ch-PPLI identified differences in motor literacy between men and women and between physically active and inactive individuals. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved
Exploring Job Satisfaction in the Platform Economy: A Multidimensional Study of Mobile Digital Platform Workers in Chile
(Sustainability (Switzerland), Volume 17, Issue 2January 2025 Article number 532, 2025) Lay-Raby, Nelson; Cea-Gonzalez, Pablo; de la Fuente-Mella, Hanns; Ríos-Vásquez, Gonzalo c
This study examines job satisfaction among mobile digital platform workers in Chile, addressing the gap in understanding the interplay between autonomy, social support, and technology in the platform economy. It explores how these factors shape job satisfaction through the following research question: How do autonomy, social support, and technological factors influence job satisfaction in the platform economy? Using a quantitative methodology, 398 platform workers from three Chilean regions participated in a survey, with data analyzed via logistic regression models to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic and psychological variables. The findings highlight that autonomy and social support significantly enhance job satisfaction, while technological usability and transformation are pivotal for positive work experiences. The study concludes that fostering worker autonomy, robust support systems, and user-friendly technologies is critical for improving job satisfaction in the gig economy. These insights contribute to the academic literature and inform strategies for policymakers and platform operators, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to enhance worker well-being and organizational outcomes. © 2025 by the authors
University students' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-09) Kelada, Lauren; Schiff, Miriam; Gilbar, Ohad; Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth; Benbenishty, Rami
Using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students' loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID-19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: β = 0.75, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.69, p < 0.001) and concern (depression: β = 0.06, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and concern and anxiety (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students' mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Community Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Barriers and Facilitators to Lead an Inclusive School:The Case of Chile
(Revista de Investigacion Educativa, Volume 432025, 2025) Valdés, René
Exercising inclusive leadership is a complex task in a school system where educational quality comes down primarily to the performance of schools on standardized tests. The objective of this article is to understand the barriers and facilitators that school directors, executive boards and management teams point out and face to advance in inclusion and attention to diversity. To respond to the objective, the results of seven case studies with an ethnographic approach carried out between 2016 and 2021 in Chilean schools with an inclusive seal were systematized. The main findings show that, from the perspective of school leaders, inclusion is a state affair and a specific concern on the part of the Ministry of Education. However, they highlight important barriers to advance as regards inclusion such as: lack of professional training in inclusion, low student participation and the pre-eminence of standardized tests that affect inclusive processes. Facilitators are also recognized, such as: openness to change, positive attitude towards difference and the importance of collaborative work. The results allow us to discuss the contrasts between inclusion and standardization and to propose a set of recommendations for schools and educational policies. © 2025 Universidad de Murcia. All rights reserved
Adaptation of the Social Well-being Scale for Teachers and School Staff
(Revista de Psicologia (Peru), Volume 43, Issue 1, Pages 29 - 522025, 2025) Bilbao, Marian; López, Verónica; Torres-Vallejos, Javier; Ascorra, Paula; Páez, Darío e
Social well-being is the assessment of social functioning, which plays a key role in mental health. In the school context, teachers and school staff can promote students’ well-being, but it is related to their own. To assess their social well-being, the Keyes social well-being scale was adapted to the school context. Psychometric properties were analyzed in 899 teachers and school staff in Valparaíso, Chile. The results suggest that 22 items are suitable for use, showing good fit to the data. Smaller school size and school participation are associated with higher social well-being. The adapted scale can be a useful tool to measure socioaffective variables of adults in the school community. © 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved
Reasons to practice physical activity in ecuadorian university students
(Retos, Volume 62, Pages 1 - 9January 2025, 2025) León-Reyes, Borys; Nuñez, León Arguello; Herrera, Yosbanys Roque; Cresp-Barria, Mauricio; Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Galeano-Rojas, Dilan
The aim of the present study was to analyze the reasons for practicing PA among university students in the Ecuadorian context, determine the differences according to sex and work-study compatibility, establish the association between the reasons for practicing PA, and estimate the predictive value of sex, age, and work-study compatibility on the reasons for practicing PA. The sample consisted of 1412 university students (21.2 ± 3.5 years), 513 men (36.3%) and 899 women (63.7%). The instrument used for data collection was the Goals in Exercise Content Questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and a linear regression analysis were used to analyze the results. The main findings show that there are statistically significant differences between men and women in the reasons of social affiliation, health direction, social recognition and skill development. Also, statistical differences are observed between women who do or do not combine study and work in the reasons of social affiliation, social recognition and skill development. On the other hand, the main motivation for PA is health, while the motive that least encourages the practice of PA is social recognition. Finally, in the regression analysis, sex presented a significant predictive value in the motives analyzed. Therefore, the interests of Ecuadorian students are revealed, and key information is obtained to improve and increase the levels and adherence to PA in order to contribute to a more physically active life in the university population. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
A 12-Year Population-Based Analysis of Victimization and Climate Trends in Israeli Arab and Jewish Elementary Schools
(Journal of School Violence, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 21 - 462025, 2025) Benbenishty, Rami; Astor, Ron Avi; Shemesh, Michal; Avital, Dana; Raz, Tal; Roziner, Ilan
The study aims to examine changes over time in school victimization and climate in Israel, and whether these changes varied between Jewish and Arab schools and schools with different SES. A secondary analysis of the Ministry of Education database of structured student surveys regarding victimization and climate, was conducted during 2008–2019. All students in grades 5–6 were surveyed. The number of schools ranged between 751 and 1,189 (M = 983, SD = 166.3); 73.7% were Jewish schools, and 26.3% were Arab. Peer victimization dropped from 14.95 in 2008 to 7.97 in 2019 (β = -.39). All climate aspects positively increased. The highest improvements were in feeling unsafe (β = -.28). Reductions in victimization and progress in climate were the strongest among students from Arab schools and schools with lower SES. The implications for policy and future research are discussed. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Subjective Well-being, Parental Figures, and Quality of Family Relations: A Study of the International Questionnaire on Child Welfare among Chilean 12-year-olds
(Child Indicators Research, 2025, 2025) Vallejo-Correa, Valentina; Oyanedel, Juan C.; Cortés, Francisca Pérez c
This article studies the importance of parental figures’ presence and family relationship quality in the construction of subjective child well-being, which is a protective factor for mental health. The BMSLSS (Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale) questionnaire was applied to a random sample of 827 boys and girls enrolled in seventh grade, from the regions of Valparaíso, Concepción and Santiago, Chile. Participants of both genders reported high levels of well-being. The majority of them live in a single home (89.1%), with an average of three caregivers and two family economic providers. We also found positive and significant associations between the presence of parental figures and well-being. Family relationship quality is a variable which also significantly explains well-being levels when children live in a single house. These results suggest that it is necessary to explore intra-family attachment characteristics in order to identify and enhance family settings, as these have a significant effect on children’ well-being. © The Author(s) 2025.
Im-posibilidades del cuidado: Reconstrucciones del cuidar en la pandemia de la covid-19a partir de la experiencia de mujeres en Chile
(Universidad de los Andes, Bogota Colombia, 2021-10) Rojas-Navarro, Sebastián; Energici, María-Alejandra; Schöngut-Grollmus, Nicolás; Alarcón-Arcos, Samanta
El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo el incremento de las labores de cuidado, producto de la pandemia, y el quiebre de la red de cuidados han recaído significativamente sobre las mujeres. Al reconocer la crisis de los cuidados, que ha privilegiado un modelo individualista por sobre uno social o comunitario, la pandemia de la covid-19 revela las sobrecargas de un tipo de sujeto y las imposibilidades para pensar otras formas de cuidar. Mediante la presentación de algunos resultados, obtenidos por la encuesta Cuidar, realizada en Chile en mayo de 2020, en un contexto de cuarentena estricta, cierre de establecimientos educacionales y medidas de distanciamiento social, discutimos la participación de las mujeres en entramados de prácticas de cuidado que se van tornando cada vez más frágiles. Si consideramos que las mujeres son actores clave en estas articulaciones, la precarización de su calidad de vida afecta la capacidad misma de la red para sostener y cuidar y, por ende, la capacidad de las mujeres para cuidar tanto de sí mismas como de otros. Es decir, la pandemia no solo muestra un conjunto de prácticas que se desarticula y reorganiza, sino que, dada su organización privatizada y concentrada en un tipo de individuo, se hace mucho más frágil en tanto que depende casi exclusivamente de un sujeto cuyas posibilidades de repensarse o rearticularse son menores o limitadas.
Las crisis sociales como área de investigación en seguridad internacional: Análisis cienciométrico
(Escuela Militar de Cadetes, 2021-10) Araya-Castillo, Luis; Moraga Flores, Hugo Alejandro; Barrientos Oradini, Nicolás Pablo; Rivera Arroyo, Jennifer Karen
Este artículo presenta un estudio cienciométrico de la producción científica sobre los conceptos de búsqueda “social crises” e “international security” entre 1978 y 2019. Se analizaron 222 artículos publicados en la base de datos Web of Science para establecer cuáles son los artículos más citados, los autores más influyentes, las revistas con mayor reconocimiento en el tema, las instituciones y los países que más productividad e impacto han tenido. Por otra parte, el mapa bibliométrico representa 9 clústeres que hacen referencia a la seguridad, la política y las crisis. Con base en los resultados se concluye que ambos temas son un área incipiente con poca colaboración entre autores e instituciones en la producción científica, lo que demuestra que existen potenciales líneas de desarrollo para este tema cada vez más estratégico.
The effects of a 20-week exercise program on blood-circulating biomarkers related to brain health in overweight or obese children: The ActiveBrains project
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Mendez-Gutierrez, Andrea; Altmäe, Signe; Aguilera, Concepción M.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Background: Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on (a) blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cathepsin B (CTSB), kynurenine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)); and (b) a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins (discovery analysis). We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health (hippocampal structure and function, cognitive performance, and mental health). Methods: We randomized 81 overweight/obese children (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) into 2 groups: either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control. Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for kynurenine, FGF21, and CTSB; colorimetry for β-hydroxybutyrate; and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The 92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis. Results: Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers (all p > 0.05). In the discovery analysis, a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed (standardized differences between groups = –0.3, p = 0.001). This effect was validated using ELISA methods (standardized difference = –0.3, p = 0.01). None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health. Conclusions: Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers. We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-I, it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health. Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health. © 2023
(Re)significance of the Memory Museum from the voices of childhood
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, 0025) Jimenez, Luis
After the end of totalitarianism, collective memories have been an axis for the recognition of State terrorism and guaranteeing the non-repetition of events. At least in Chile, in this process, the voices of children have been excluded, considering that they did not live through the time, or because they do not have the tools to give their opinion on issues that are not typical of childhood. Faced with this, the present study asks: what meanings do children construct from the Museum of Memory and Human Rights exhibition about political violence and the dictatorship in Chile? To develop the response, through a qualitative methodology, we worked with four boys and girls, between 12 and 13 years old, who, after visiting the Museum, individually produced drawings about their impressions, to later discuss them as a group. The data analysis was carried out through a semantic content analysis, providing the main conclusions that: adults lack the tools to overcome the dictatorship; political violence is possible; and that conflicts are resolved through disputes and in community. © 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso. All rights reserved.
Trends in Physical Activity Research on Tobacco and/or Alcohol: A Bibliometric Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Castillo-Paredes, Antonio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Ferrari, Gerson
Background/Objectives: Physical activity allows the enjoyment of personal health benefits in those who practice it, including the possibility of modifying behavioral risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. These risk factors are responsible for the development of non-communicable diseases, which are preventable and controllable. The scientific field on this object of study has grown in recent years. The main objective of this study was to perform a scientific mapping to explore the trend of annual publications, and to analyze and identify the thematic categories, the authors, countries and journals with the highest number of papers, the most referenced papers and authors, and the most used keywords in research related to physical activity and tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Methods: Through a bibliometric analysis based on traditional bibliometric laws on the scientific documentation related to the subject and indexed in the Main Collection of the Web of Science. The DeSolla Price Law was used to analyze the trend of annual publications, using the coefficient of determination R2. Lotka’s law was applied to identify prolific authors, Bradford’s law to highlight the most frequent publication sources, the h-index to identify the most cited articles and Zipf’s law to highlight the keywords most used in research. Results: A total of 538 documents were analyzed. The trend followed by annual publications is in an exponential growth phase. Adrian Taylor and Michael Ussher were identified as prolific authors. USA and Preventive Medicine were the country and journal with the highest number of publications. The most frequently used words were physical activity, smoking, exercise, alcohol, obesity, and smoking cessation. Conclusions: This bibliometric review identified an exponential growth from 1994 to date of research related to physical activity and tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. It allowed us to identify trends and guide the development of future research in these or new related areas. © 2025 by the authors.
Denunciar violencia de pareja en Chile: Aspectos a considerar desde el Aparato Estatal
(Onati International Institute for the Sociology of Law, 2022-11) Marchant Espinoza, Juan Paulo
El presente ensayo analiza el actuar del Estado Chileno para facilitar las condiciones necesarias para que las personas ejerzan su derecho a denunciar actos de violencia en el contexto de pareja, cuando han sido víctimas de ello. Esto último, desde una mirada que integra las teorías del ciclo de las políticas públicas, la capacidad estatal, el marco normativo jurídico y la perspectiva de género. Lo anterior, a partir de una entrevista realizada a un informante clave dentro del contexto de levantamiento de información para mi investigación doctoral. Este ensayo analiza las acciones del Estado chileno para facilitar las condiciones necesarias para que las personas ejerzan su derecho a denunciar actos de violencia en el contexto de la pareja, cuando han sido víctimas de ella. Esto último, desde una perspectiva que integra las teorías del ciclo de las políticas públicas, la capacidad del Estado, el marco legal y la perspectiva de género. Lo anterior, a partir de una entrevista con una informante clave en el contexto de la recopilación de información para mi investigación doctoral.
Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
Traducción, validación, y adaptación del español al Kreyol– creole haitiano de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD-R-20)
(Sociedad Chilena de Psicologia Clinica, 2023) Marchant Espinoza, Juan Paulo; Cabezas, José Miguel; Rafful, Claudia; Espinoza-Ortiz, Ana Karen; Otzen, Tamara; Olivari, Carla F.; Rocha-Jiménez, Teresita; Calvo, Esteban
Introducción. A pesar de la importante presencia de la población haitiana en países de América Latina, existen pocos estudios que evalúen la salud mental en esta población; una de las razones es la falta de instrumentos psicométricos en kreyol (creole haitiano). Objetivo. Adaptar la versión en español de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD-R-20) al kreyol. Métodos. Estudio transversal de muestreo bietápico con 207 migrantes haitianos viviendo en Santiago de Chile, se tradujo y retrotradujo la Escala CESD-R-20 del español al kreyol. Resultados. 132 participantes respondieron la encuesta en kreyol y 75 en español. Las técnicas de detección de la dimensionalidad recomiendan retener un único componente y tres factores, con pocas excepciones a través de las muestras. Las soluciones factoriales llevan a retener un único factor, que presenta un Alfa de Cronbach =0.92 (IC: 0.90-0.94) adecuado. Estos resultados indican que se necesita un único factor. Discusión y conclusión. La adaptación del instrumento CESD-R-20 de español al kreyol obtiene evidencias de validez favorables y puede servir para iniciar nuevos estudios en población migrante haitiana en su trayecto por América Latina, si bien es necesario seguir ampliando el proceso de validación.
Dual educational rationality and acculturation in Mapuche people in Chile
(Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 142023 Article number 1112778, 2023) Quilaqueo, Daniel; Riquelme, Enrique; Paez, Darío; Mera-Lemp, María José
Even though Mapuche people represent the largest indigenous population in Chile, the “logic of double rationality” in their educational knowledge and its link with acculturation dynamics, has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the attitudes toward school education and the acculturation orientations of 468 Mapuche people, with ages from 17 to 53 years (M = 16.19; SD = 7.0). Participants were students of secondary schools and universities from urban and rural areas of different regions of Chile. Results showed that most of the participants presented a bicultural orientation (39.4%), followed by a group of segregated or ethnic identity profile (23.5%), while those who preferred assimilation (17.5%), and marginalization (20.7%) represented a minority. Results indicated that people identified as bicultural scored higher in the components of dual Mapuche/ Chilean Mestizo educational rationality than the other acculturation profiles. Also, the fluency in speaking Mapuche language was positively associated with the perception of cultural differences in knowledge and education between Mapuche and Chilean culture, the evaluation of the teaching of Mapuche culture, the perception of school as a factor of assimilation, the valuation of bicultural practices, and the justification of double rationality. Findings’ contributions to the development of pertinent educational practices in contexts of social and cultural diversity are discussed. Copyright © 2023 Quilaqueo, Riquelme, Paez and Mera-Lemp

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