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3-M Model for Uncovering the Impact of Multi-level Identity Issues on Learners’ Social Interactive Engagement Online
(Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 2019) Charbonneau-Gowdy, Paula; Chavez, Jessica
A growing trend in higher education institutions (HE) to move course offerings to Blended Learning (BL) modes is challenging many of our traditional views and practices of teaching and learning. Part of the problem is that many of those working within these institutions at the macro, meso and micro levels have stubbornly resisted abandoning the view that knowledge is imparted by the institution and that knowledge is consumed by students. Advances in technology have upturned this positionality as learners and institutions alike realize that roles are evolving in the process of education. Tracking the scholarship on BL, for example, reveals a major issue preventing successful learning outcomes is reticence on the part of learners to be socially interactive and engaged online. Through the lens of socialcultural and identity theories and a conceptualization of engagement being composed of behavioural, emotional and cognitive components, this paper aims to respond to a call for greater insight into this pressing issue. With findings from a recent qualitative longitudinal study of a BL program in a large private-for-profit university in Chile we unravel the complex social psychological aspects that contribute to learners’ willingness, or unwillingness, to engage in interacting with others and with content online-an essential determinant of successful learning and quality BL programs. A critical discussion of the findings from multiple qualitative data sources reveals that the general lack of undergraduate students’ incentive to develop agency and adopt empowered learner identities characteristic of active participators online, is strongly influenced by the assumed or imposed identities of teachers, academic leaders and institutional decision makers that create a climate that fails to nurture community building in these contexts. Abundant evidence suggests a model for BL in HE that could lead to decisive, strategic and coordinated action at each level and measurable improvement in student online learning engagement and outcomes.
A 12-Year Population-Based Analysis of Victimization and Climate Trends in Israeli Arab and Jewish Elementary Schools
(Routledge, 0025) Benbenishty, Rami; Astor, Ron Avi; Shemesh, Michal; Avital, Dana; Raz, Tal; Roziner, Ilan
The study aims to examine changes over time in school victimization and climate in Israel, and whether these changes varied between Jewish and Arab schools and schools with different SES. A secondary analysis of the Ministry of Education database of structured student surveys regarding victimization and climate, was conducted during 2008–2019. All students in grades 5–6 were surveyed. The number of schools ranged between 751 and 1,189 (M = 983, SD = 166.3); 73.7% were Jewish schools, and 26.3% were Arab. Peer victimization dropped from 14.95 in 2008 to 7.97 in 2019 (β = -.39). All climate aspects positively increased. The highest improvements were in feeling unsafe (β = -.28). Reductions in victimization and progress in climate were the strongest among students from Arab schools and schools with lower SES. The implications for policy and future research are discussed. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
A Bifactor Model of Subjective Well-Being at Personal, Community, and Country Levels: A Case With Three Latin-American Countries
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-06) Torres Vallejos, Javier; Juarros Basterretxea, Joel; Oyanedel, Juan Carlos; Sato, Masatoshi
Improving citizens' subjective well-being (SWB) has become an increasingly visible policy goal across industrialized countries. Although an increasing number of studies have investigated SWB at the individual level, little is known about subjective evaluation at social levels, such as the community and national levels. While the relationships between these levels have been analyzed in previous research, these assessments, which are part of the same unique construct of SWB, are under-investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality and reliability of a single measure of SWB, which contained individual, community, and national levels across three Latin-American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Venezuela), using a bifactor model analysis. Findings showed that the bifactor model exhibited a good fit to the data for the three countries. However, invariance testing between countries was not fully supported because of each item's specific contribution to both specific and general constructs. The analyses of each country showed that the SWB construct was in a gray area between unidimensionality and multidimensionality; some factors contributed more to the general factor and others to the specific level, depending on the country. These findings call for integrating more distant levels (community and country levels) into the understanding of SWB at the individual level, as they contribute not only to an overall construct, but they make unique contributions to SWB, which must be considered in public policy making. © Copyright © 2021 Torres-Vallejos, Juarros-Basterretxea, Oyanedel and Sato.
A CO molecular gas wind 340 pc away from the Seyfert 2 nucleus in ESO 420-G13 probes an elusive radio jet
(EDP Sciences, 2020) Fernández-Ontiveros, J.; Dasyra, K.; Hatziminaoglou, E.; Malkan, M.; Pereira-Santaella, M.; Papachristou, M.; Spinoglio, L.; Combes, F.; Aalto, S.; Nagar, N.; Imanishi, M.; Andreani, P.; Ricci, C.; Slater, R.
A prominent jet-driven outflow of CO(2-1) molecular gas is found along the kinematic minor axis of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 420-G13, at a distance of 340-600 pc from the nucleus. The wind morphology resembles the characteristic funnel shape, formed by a highly collimated filamentary emission at the base, and likely traces the jet propagation through a tenuous medium, until a bifurcation point at 440 pc. Here the jet hits a dense molecular core and shatters, dispersing the molecular gas into several clumps and filaments within the expansion cone. We also trace the jet in ionised gas within the inner ≲ 340 pc using the [Ne » II]12.8 μm line emission, where the molecular gas follows a circular rotation pattern. The wind outflow carries a mass of ∼8 × 106 M⊙ at an average wind projected speed of ∼160 km s-1, which implies a mass outflow rate of ∼14 M⊙ yr-1. Based on the structure of the outflow and the budget of energy and momentum, we discard radiation pressure from the active nucleus, star formation, and supernovae as possible launching mechanisms. ESO 420-G13 is the second case after NGC 1377 where a previously unknown jet is revealed through its interaction with the interstellar medium, suggesting that unknown jets in feeble radio nuclei might be more common than expected. Two possible jet-cloud configurations are discussed to explain an outflow at this distance from the AGN. The outflowing gas will likely not escape, thus a delay in the star formation rather than quenching is expected from this interaction, while the feedback effect would be confined within the central few hundred parsecs of the galaxy
A longitudinal study of the effects of internet use on subjective well-being
(Routledge, 2020-09) Paez, Dario; Delfino, Gisela; Vargas-Salfate, Salvador; Liu, James H.; Gil De Zúñiga, Homero; Khan, Sammyh; Garaigordobil, Maite
This study examined how internet use is related to subjective well-being, using longitudinal data from 19 nations with representative online samples stratified for age, gender, and region (N = 7122, 51.43% women, M age= 45.26). Life satisfaction and anxiety served as indices of subjective well-being at time 1 (t1) and then six months later (t2). Frequency of internet use (hours online per day) at t1 correlated with lower life satisfaction, r = –.06, and more anxiety, r =.13 at t2. However, after imposing multivariate controls, frequency of internet use (t1) was no longer associated with lower subjective well-being (t2). Frequency of social contact by internet and use of internet for following rumors (t1) predicted higher anxiety (t2). Higher levels of direct (face-to-face plus phone) social contact (t1) predicted greater life satisfaction (t2). In multivariate analyses, all effect sizes were small. Society-level individualism-collectivism or indulgence-restraint did not show a direct effect on outcomes nor moderate individual-level associations. Results are discussed in the framework of the internet as a displacement of social contact versus a replacement of deficits in direct contact; and as a source of positive and negative information. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
A study of language learning strategies that successful pre-service teachers utilize in English pedagogy programs at two universities in Concepción, Chile: a case study
(Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, 2015) Hitt, Lea; Véliz, Mauricio
This study attempts to uncover the Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) utilized by proficient language learners in English pedagogy programs at two universities. It was found that students employ indirect strategies frequently, which are of a metacognitive nature. Through a case study methodology, these students were asked to do a semi-structured interview and a think-aloud protocol. It was found that cognitive and metacognitive strategies were the most prevalent.
A SUPERFICIAL LOVE. AN APPROACH TO LOVE IN GILLES DELEUZE
(Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2023-10-31) Duran, C.
In this paper we will reconstruct a hypothesis on love in Gilles Deleuze's philosophy. We notice that, at different moments of his philosophical itinerary, the topic of love is the object of a complex treatment, which moves from the discovery of the expression of worlds that the other involves, and which gradually detach themselves from that other, towards a progressive liberation of dehumanized elements that open up in a transformed sexuality. We will try to show that this experimental exercise reveals a surface, defined by the decomposition of the self and where the passage through a world without others will allow us to discover a plane of liberated elements, open to connections that will allow us other ways of understanding the phenomenon of love.
A Systematic Review of Children’s Psychological Well-Being from a Eudaimonic Perspective: a Narrative Synthesis
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024-12) Hoosen, Phadiel; Savahl, Shazly; Adams, Sabirah; Casas, Ferran
Understanding children’s psychological well-being (PWB) from a eudaimonic perspective is crucial given its impact on children’s overall well-being and quality of life. This perspective denotes PWB as the realisation of one’s true potential and attaining meaningful goals that lead to personal growth and fulfilment. Despite the recent increasing interest in children’s PWB, there is limited literature in this area. This may be due to the abstract nature of eudaimonic concepts, which are challenging to operationalise and measure, leading to less empirical attention. Using a systematic review, we synthesised existing empirical studies on children’s PWB from a eudaimonic perspective. We identified 32 quantitative articles, which presented in four different categories, namely validation studies, predictors and correlates of PWB, descriptive studies, and intervention studies. Most studies used Ryff’s (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081, 1989) theoretical model of PWB and her PWB Scale, and were conducted in high-income countries. Future research should prioritise conducting studies in diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts to ensure a comprehensive understanding of children’s PWB. By expanding geographic and socio-economic representation, and including longitudinal studies, we can develop more effective and inclusive interventions and policies that cater to the needs of children globally.
Abordaje psicológico del COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa de la experiencia latinoamericana
(Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia, 2020) Scholten, H.; Quezada-Scholz, V.; Salas, G.; Barria-Asenjo, N.; Rojas-Jara, C.; Molina, R.; García, J.; Jorquera, M.; Heredia, A.; Zambrano, A.; Muzzio, E.; Felitto, A.; Caycho-Rodríguez, T.; Reyes-Gallardo, T.; Mendoza, N.; Binde, P.; Muñoz, J.; Estupiñan, J.; Somarriva, F.
In view of the rapid expansion of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) throughout the planet, this article presents a set of proposals developed by Latin American psychologists who seek to address this phenomenon from a regional perspective. In this sense, topics such as the problem of overinformation and the impact of health protocols on mental health in different areas and sectors of the population are presented. It is proposed here, in addition to gathering some knowledge provided by previous research and disseminating a set of resources to mitigate or palliate the effects of the pandemic, to contribute with some reflections regarding the role of psychologists as health professionals in this critical situation, as well as to warn or appeal to the corresponding national and international organizations.
Academic writing: 14 useful tips
(Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2017) Follari, Javier Ernesto Bassi
On this I paper I provide 14 tips to improve academic writing. I argue that prob- lems to write academically stem firstly from a weak training and secondly from an attempt by authors to sustain a pose that ties academic writing to grandiloquence and obscurity. Given that those problems are socially determined, they are open to be formalized, tackled and overcome. I take an epistemologically antirealist stand- point, therefore academic writing takes a central role. My proposal is to write sim- ply and it does not intend to be superior in any way to those other aesthetical stances that academic writing embodies. Every tip consists of a wide treatment of the problem at hand, some examples and a series of practical guidelines.
ACERCA DE LA FUNCIÓN EMANCIPATORIA Y EL ESTATUTO CRÍTICO DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN EN PSICOANÁLISIS
(Universidad de Los Lagos. Departamento de Humanidades y Arte, 2009-12) Bornhauser, Niklas
El psicoanálisis es una práctica plural, múltiple y abierta. Su diálogo con otras disciplinas no solamente constituye una contribución relevante al debate público contemporáneo, sino que se torna en exigencia indispensable en cuanto a su devenir como discurso interesado en librarse de la tutela o servidumbre con respecto a los saberes establecidos. En este artículo se aborda el ejercicio del psicoanálisis ligado a la práctica crítica en su sentido estricto, función crítica asociada a la correspondiente concepción de interpretación y a la práctica interpretativa que se vuelve posible a partir de ella. En la medida en que la interpretación se pretenda reveladora, conlleva la necesidad de problematizar las relaciones de poder que la condicionan y contextualizan, por lo mismo, en este análisis se postula que una ética psicoanalítica debe considerar estos elementos en la medida en que quiera efectuar una contribución al debate contemporáneo y, en particular, al proyecto emancipador del cual forma parte.
Activating Specific Handball’s Defensive Motor Behaviors in Young Female Players: A Non-Linear Approach
(MDPI, 2023-03) Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Farías-Valenzuela, Claudio; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Giakoni-Ramirez, Frano; Del Val-Martín, Pablo; Duclos-Bastías, Daniel; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro
Traditional models to train and teach young players in team sports assume that athletes learn as linear systems. However, an actual methodology called Non-Linear Pedagogy (NLP) accounts for the fact that the players and the team are complex dynamic systems. Experiences in handball under this methodology are scarce; due to this, an observational study has been conducted with a follow-up, idiographic and multidimensional design, in which 14 female school handball players belonging to four different local teams in Santiago, Chile (age = 15.55 + 0.51) agreed to participate in three special handball training sessions with the use of the NLP methodology where three different constraints were used. Descriptive analysis with the Chi-squared test showed a total of 252 observations where most of the variables were dependent on the constraints (p ≤ 0.001). Frequency showed that mainly “Defense in Line of progression” and “Proximal contact” were the most activated variables, followed by “Harassment” and “Deterrence” for all constraints. However, only constraint 2 highly activated two collective motor behaviors, while the rest only did it with individual motor behaviors. It is concluded that the constraints used in training seem to be effective in activating a group of defensive handball motor behaviors, specifically those that are basic for female school handball players. © 2023 by the authors.
Active gains in brain using exercise during aging (AGUEDA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Molina-Hidalgo, Cristina; García-Rivero, Yolanda; Costa-Rodriguez, Claudia; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Fernandez-Gamez, Beatriz; Olvera-Rojas, Marcos; Coca-Pulido, Andrea; Toval, Angel; Bellón, Darío; Sclafani, Alessandro; Martín-Fuentes, Isabel; Triviño-Ibañez, Eva María; de Teresa, Carlos; Huang, Haiqing; Grove, George; Hillman, Charles H.; Kramer, Arthur F.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.; Gómez-Río, Manuel; Erickson, Kirk I.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Alzheimer’s disease is currently the leading cause of dementia and one of the most expensive, lethal and severe diseases worldwide. Age-related decline in executive function is widespread and plays a key role in subsequent dementia risk. Physical exercise has been proposed as one of the leading non-pharmaceutical approaches to improve executive function and ameliorate cognitive decline. This single-site, two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will include 90 cognitively normal older adults, aged 65–80 years old. Participants will be randomized to a 24-week resistance exercise program (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session, n = 45), or a wait-list control group (n = 45) which will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. All study outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 24-weeks after the exercise program, with a subset of selected outcomes assessed at 12-weeks. The primary outcome will be indicated by the change in an executive function composite score assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Secondary outcomes will include changes in brain structure and function and amyloid deposition, other cognitive outcomes, and changes in molecular biomarkers assessed in blood, saliva, and fecal samples, physical function, muscular strength, body composition, mental health, and psychosocial parameters. We expect that the resistance exercise program will have positive effects on executive function and related brain structure and function, and will help to understand the molecular, structural, functional, and psychosocial mechanisms involved. Copyright © 2023 Solis-Urra, Molina-Hidalgo, García-Rivero, Costa-Rodriguez, Mora-Gonzalez, Fernandez-Gamez, Olvera-Rojas, Coca-Pulido, Toval, Bellón, Sclafani, Martín-Fuentes, Triviño-Ibañez, de Teresa, Huang, Grove, Hillman, Kramer, Catena, Ortega, Gómez-Río, Erickson and Esteban-Cornejo.
Acute Effect of a Meditation-Oriented Physical Education Session on Stress Levels in School Children: A Randomized Controlled Study
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Yañez-Sepulveda, Rodrigo; De Zárate, Benjamín Ortiz; Tapia-Maldonado, Michel; González-Carreño, Jacob; Castro-Tapia, Lilian; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge
The main objective of this research was to identify the acute effect of a meditation-oriented Physical Education session on stress levels in schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years, 34 Chilean schoolchildren participated, who were randomly divided into an experimental group (n18) and a control group (n16). During a Physical Education class, the experimental group carried out a 15-minute mindfulness meditation session, while the control group took a survey of healthy habits in sedentary behavior. Before and after the intervention the level of stress was measured with the Children's Daily Stress Inventory Test (IECI). The Shapiro Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data, the t-Student test for related samples and the t-Student test for independent samples were used for comparison between groups, with the Cohen d test the effect size was calculated. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. A decrease in the total level of daily stress was observed with a moderate effect in the experimental group (PRE: 7.22 - POST: 6.17; P=0.037; TE=0.40), in the control group no effects were observed in the stress level (p>0.05) after the intervention. It is concluded that a short meditation session carried out during Physical Education class can provide a decrease in stress levels in schoolchildren, an aspect to be taken into account when improving learning at school. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF) ISSN: Edición impresa.
Acute Effect of a Single Functional Neurology Intervention on Muscular Trigger Point
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-03) Rey-Mota, Jorge; Escribano-Colmena, Guillermo; Dalamitros, Athanasios A.; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Álvarez, David Martín-Caro; Jimenez, Eduardo Navarro; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Featured Application: This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of functional neurology interventions as a non-invasive treatment for myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The findings suggest that clinicians and physiotherapists can incorporate functional neurology techniques to enhance pain relief and muscle function in patients suffering from MTrPs, particularly in the upper trapezius muscle. The improvements demonstrated in pressure pain threshold (PPT) and peripheral vascular response indicate that functional neurology interventions could serve as a viable alternative or complement to traditional therapies such as manual therapy, dry needling, or pharmacological treatments. Moreover, the non-invasive nature of this approach presents a promising solution for patients seeking drug-free pain management strategies, potentially leading to broader adoption in clinical and rehabilitation settings. Future applications may also extend to sports performance enhancement, occupational health programs, and preventive care for musculoskeletal disorders. Background: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are hyperirritable spots in skeletal muscle associated with pain and dysfunction, often impacting individuals’ quality of life. Various interventions, such as dry needling and manual therapy, have shown limited effects in addressing these conditions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a functional neurology intervention in reducing pain and improving muscle function in patients with MTrPs in the upper trapezius muscle. We hypothesized that a single session of functional neurology intervention would significantly increase the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and improve peripheral vascular response in individuals with myofascial trigger points compared to a control group. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 63 participants randomly assigned to an experimental (receiving functional neurology treatment) or control group. Pre- and post-treatment assessments were conducted, and both intra- and inter-group comparisons were performed using algometry to measure the PPT and infrared thermography to analyze peripheral vascular response. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-tests with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The experimental group demonstrated a significant 46.4% increase in PPT, while the control group showed negligible changes. Thermographic analysis indicated improved peripheral blood flow in the experimental group, reflected by increased skin temperatures and reduced thermal anomalies. No significant differences were observed between the groups at baseline. Conclusions: A single session of functional neurology intervention significantly reduced pain and improved muscle function in patients with MTrPs. These findings suggest that functional neurology offers a promising non-invasive alternative to traditional treatments, with potential implications for more rapid and sustained therapeutic outcomes. © 2025 by the authors.
Acute Fatigue Impairs Heart Rate Variability and Resting Muscle Oxygen Consumption Kinetics
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-10) Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo A; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Tuesta, Marcelo; Martin, Eduardo Báez-San; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Duclos-Bastías, Daniel; Recabarren-Dueñas, Catalina; Alacid, Fernando
Featured Application: Importantly, measurements obtained through VOT-NIRS can vary significantly post-exercise, which should be considered by researchers before application. This study evaluated the influence of acute fatigue on heart rate variability (HRV) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) at rest, as well as the reliability of SmO2 data measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a vascular occlusion test (VOT). Twelve physically active subjects participated. Measurements included perceived muscle soreness using the visual analog scale (VAS pain), HRV parameters, variables of resting SmO2 (desaturation and resaturation), and reoxygenation kinetics (mean response time, MRT) through a VOT-NIRS located in the vastus lateralis (VL). Measurements were taken at three points: 24 h before, before exhaustive exercise, and 30 min after exhaustive exercise. The results indicated that acute fatigue increased resting muscle oxygen consumption in desaturation (+22 SmO2) and resaturation (+18 SmO2), improved MRT (−15 s), and elevated sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, as observed in the R-R interval (−262 ms) and SNS index (+0.5). HRV significantly influenced desaturation (r2 = 0.69), resaturation (r2 = 0.60), and MRT (r2 = 0.54). Reliability was established with an ICC of 0.49 and 0.63 for desaturation and resaturation, respectively. Real changes in desaturation and resaturation should be considered ≥ 7% SmO2 at rest and ≥ 11% SmO2 to avoid daily fatigue interference. In conclusion, acute fatigue increases resting SmO2 consumption and is associated with higher SNS activity and increased VAS pain. © 2024 by the authors.
Adaptation of the Social Well-being Scale for Teachers and School Staff
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 0025) Bilbao, Marian; López, Verónica; Torres-Vallejos, Javier; Ascorra, Paula; Páez, Darío
Social well-being is the assessment of social functioning, which plays a key role in mental health. In the school context, teachers and school staff can promote students’ well-being, but it is related to their own. To assess their social well-being, the Keyes social well-being scale was adapted to the school context. Psychometric properties were analyzed in 899 teachers and school staff in Valparaíso, Chile. The results suggest that 22 items are suitable for use, showing good fit to the data. Smaller school size and school participation are associated with higher social well-being. The adapted scale can be a useful tool to measure socioaffective variables of adults in the school community. © 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.
Adaptive Reflection on Negative Emotional Experiences: Convergences and Divergence Between the Processing-Mode Theory and the Theory of Self-Distancing Reflection
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-09) Cova, F.; Garcia, F.; Oyanadel, C.; Villagran, L.; Páez, D.; Inostroza, C.
Reflecting on negative emotional experiences can be adaptive but it can also maintain or intensify detrimental emotional states. Which factors determine whether reflection can have one consequence or another is unclear. This study focused on two research programs that have concentrated on this topic in the last decades: processing-mode theory (PMT) and self-distancing theory (SDT). The article described and contrasted both programs and their findings. The promising results that PMT and SDT have achieved in identifying the differences between the forms of adaptive and maladaptive reflection are highlighted. Likewise, the disconcerting contradictions observed between both programs that make integrating the findings difficult are indicated. The PMT states that adaptive reflection is concrete, and it is focused on the how of the experience. The SDT states that adaptive reflection is self-distanced and focused on the global meaning of the experience. The article finishes by indicating possible explanations for these apparent contradictions and outlines the challenges to be solved to improve comprehension of the topic. © Copyright © 2019 Cova, Garcia, Oyanadel, Villagran, Páez and Inostroza.
Adolescent conflict and young adult couple relationships: Directionality of violence
(Universidad San Buenaventura, 2020) Paino-Quesada, S.; Aguilera-Jimenez, N.; Rodriguez-Franco, L.; Rodriguez-Diaz, F.; Alameda-Bailen, J.
The objective of this research was to study victimization and aggression in adolescent and young couple relationships, as well as to identify the directionality of violence perpetration in a sample of 984 people between 15 and 31 years of age, of which 58.2% were women and 41.8% were men. Regarding the educational level of the population under study, 26% were students of junior high school, senior high school, or vocational training and 56.5% were college students. The research design followed the nonprobability purposive sampling method and used the DVQ-R questionnaire. The results suggest that violence is 65.2% bidirectional and 14.30% unidirectional, being bidirectionality more frequent in psychological violence and decreasing when physical violence occurs. The results reveal the need to integrate the different modalities of dating violence (unidirectional and bidirectional) and unperceived violence-that gives rise to technical abuse-into the different prevention programs addressed to adolescents and youth.
Adolescents' chronotype and its association with obesity-related outcomes: The EHDLA study
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024-10) Duarte Junior, Miguel Angelo; Mesas, Arthur Eumann; Chen, Sitong; Mello, Júlio B.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Memon, Aamir Raoof; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Objective: This study aimed to assess associations between chronotype and obesity-related indicators in a sample of Spanish adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from The Eating Healthy and DailyLife Activities (EHDLA) Study, which included a representative sample of adolescentsfrom Spain. A total of 820 adolescents (54.7% girls) aged 12–17 years were includedin the analyses. The adolescents' chronotype was determined using the Morning-ness/Eveningness Scale in Children. Obesity-related indicators included body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, triceps and medial calf skinfolds,sum of skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Generalized linear models were used toexamine the relationship between the Morningness-Eveningness score and chrono-type status and the above-mentioned obesity-related indicators in adolescents. Allanalyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, sleep duration, physicalactivity, sedentary behaviour, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and energyintake.Results: The morningness chronotype was associated with higher abdominal obesity(odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.50; p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.01, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05;p = 0.029) and skinfold calves (B = 1.04 95% CI 0.24 to 1.94; p = 0.011), comparedwith the intermediate chronotype.Conclusion: Adolescents with a morningness chronotype may be more prone toabdominal obesity than their counterparts with an intermediate chronotype. Effec-tive intervention-related approaches can be applied to those with a morningnesschronotype

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