Efecto contralateral agudo del ejercicio resistido excéntrico y concéntrico sobre la fuerza y activación muscular de la extremidad no ejercitada en jóvenes sanos
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Archivos
Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Propósito: La educación cruzada es la transferencia de fuerza o habilidad motriz observable en la extremidad no entrenada producto del entrenamiento contralateral. Hasta ahora, los efectos agudos de la transferencia de fuerza mediada por ejercicio resistido concéntrico y excéntrico son inconclusos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar y comparar la transferencia de fuerza y activación muscular aguda mediante ejercicios resistidos excéntricos (EXC) y ejercicios resistidos concéntricos (CONC), además de evaluar la carga física y mental que presenta cada una de estas modalidades de ejercicio. Métodos: Los participantes (n = 24), fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos (EXC y CONC). Se evaluó la fuerza isométrica máxima voluntaria (FIMV) y la electromiografía de superficie (EMGs) para cuantificar la actividad muscular de los flexores de codo de la extremidad entrenada y no entrenada durante un periodo control (sin intervención) y luego de la intervención con ejercicio resistido EXC y CONC. El entrenamiento constó de 5 series con 10 repeticiones al 80% de 1-RM (EXC o CONC) para cada grupo. Al final de la intervención se midió la carga física-mental mediante el cuestionario NASA-TLX. Resultados: Lo más destacable de la investigación fue la relación 1-RM (P = 0,0153) con el tonelaje total (P = 0,02) del entrenamiento siendo mayor para el grupo EXC, para la carga física-mental no hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos. En cuanto a la extremidad entrenada, la FIMV mostró una diferencia significativa para los tiempos previo al ejercicio (PRE) y posterior al ejercicio (POST) (P < 0,0001) de ambos grupos, pero no hubo una diferencia significativa para la FIMV Y EMGs entre grupos en la extremidad contralateral no ejercitada. Conclusión: No se pudo evidenciar una transferencia de fuerza y activación muscular aguda en los grupos CONC y EXC. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos para la carga física-mental durante el ejercicio. Se espera que el estudio se replique teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de esta investigación para obtener mejores resultados y poder confirmar la eficiencia de los tipos de ejercicios en la educación cruzada.
Purpose: The contralateral effect is the transfer of observable force or motor ability to the untrained limb as a result of contralateral training. So far, the acute effects of force transfer mediated by concentric and eccentric resisted exercise are inconclusive. The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the transfer of force and acute muscle activation through eccentric resisted exercises (EXC) and concentric resisted exercises (CONC), in addition to evaluating the physical and mental load presented by each of these exercise modalities. Methods: The participants (n = 24) were randomly divided into 2 groups (EXC and CONC). Maximal voluntary isometric strength (FIMV) and surface electromyography (EMGs) were assessed to quantify muscle activity of the elbow flexors of the trained and untrained limb during a control period (without intervention) and after exercise intervention. resisted EXC and CONC. The training consisted of 5 series with 10 repetitions at 80% of 1-RM (EXC or CONC) for each group. At the end of the intervention, the physical-mental load was measured using the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Results: The most notable aspect of the research was the relationship 1-RM (P = 0.0153) with the total tonnage (P = 0.02) of the training being higher for the EXC group, for the physical-mental load there were no differences. significant between groups. Regarding the trained limb, FIMV showed a significant difference for PRE and POST times (P < 0.0001) for both groups, but there was no significant difference for FIMV and EMGs between groups in the non-exercised contralateral limb. Conclusion: It was not possible to demonstrate a transfer of force and acute muscle activation in the CONC and EXC groups. No significant differences were found between the groups for the physical-mental load during the exercise. It is expected that the study will be replicated taking into account the limitations of this research in order to obtain better results and to be able to confirm the efficiency of the types of exercises in the contralateral effect.
Purpose: The contralateral effect is the transfer of observable force or motor ability to the untrained limb as a result of contralateral training. So far, the acute effects of force transfer mediated by concentric and eccentric resisted exercise are inconclusive. The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the transfer of force and acute muscle activation through eccentric resisted exercises (EXC) and concentric resisted exercises (CONC), in addition to evaluating the physical and mental load presented by each of these exercise modalities. Methods: The participants (n = 24) were randomly divided into 2 groups (EXC and CONC). Maximal voluntary isometric strength (FIMV) and surface electromyography (EMGs) were assessed to quantify muscle activity of the elbow flexors of the trained and untrained limb during a control period (without intervention) and after exercise intervention. resisted EXC and CONC. The training consisted of 5 series with 10 repetitions at 80% of 1-RM (EXC or CONC) for each group. At the end of the intervention, the physical-mental load was measured using the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Results: The most notable aspect of the research was the relationship 1-RM (P = 0.0153) with the total tonnage (P = 0.02) of the training being higher for the EXC group, for the physical-mental load there were no differences. significant between groups. Regarding the trained limb, FIMV showed a significant difference for PRE and POST times (P < 0.0001) for both groups, but there was no significant difference for FIMV and EMGs between groups in the non-exercised contralateral limb. Conclusion: It was not possible to demonstrate a transfer of force and acute muscle activation in the CONC and EXC groups. No significant differences were found between the groups for the physical-mental load during the exercise. It is expected that the study will be replicated taking into account the limitations of this research in order to obtain better results and to be able to confirm the efficiency of the types of exercises in the contralateral effect.
Notas
Proyecto de tesis ( Licenciado en Kinesiología)
Palabras clave
Ejercicios, Evaluación, Fuerza Muscular