Actividades biológicas de los líquenes : identificación de metabolitos de importancia farmacéutica : Escuela de Química y Farmacia
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Fecha
2021
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los líquenes son organismos simbióticos entre hongos y algas, o también entre
hongos y cianobacterias, que se encuentran alrededor del mundo en diferentes
ambientes. Desde hace años se han descubierto numerosos metabolitos
secundarios encontrados en diferentes especies de líquenes, los cuales han
despertado interés en la comunidad farmacéutica, principalmente por sus
numerosas actividades biológicas descritas. Sin embargo, más allá de los
resultados obtenidos en estudios experimentales, se desconoce la exactitud de
sus mecanismos de acción y el potencial que tienen como moléculas de interés
farmacológico. El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo general el analizar la
actividad biológica de los metabolitos secundarios de líquenes, y como objetivos
específicos identificar especies de líquenes de interés biológico; tanto nativas
como no nativas, e identificar sus metabolitos y posibles mecanismos de acción.
La metodología consistirá en la realización de una revisión bibliográfica de
diferentes artículos científicos, que busque recopilar toda la información
necesaria sobre la actividad biológica de los metabolitos de estas especies de
líquenes. Para ello, se utilizarán bases de datos validadas y se priorizarán los
trabajos más recientes y estudios donde se realizan pruebas in vitro e in vivo que
tengan demostrada las propiedades biológicas de estos metabolitos. Se
describen las actividades biológicas de 28 metabolitos secundarios en total,
principalmente desglosadas en actividades anticancerígenas, antimicrobianas,
antioxidantes y anti-inflamatorias. Los metabolitos más destacables fueron ácido
úsnico, atranorina, ácido protoliquesterínico y ácido lobárico; con este primer
metabolito teniendo mayores estudios, además de ensayos toxicológicos y de
índole farmacológica. A pesar de las actividades biológicas descritas, hay pocos
respaldos para considerar la evaluación de estos metabolitos en ensayos
clínicos; por lo que es importante realizar mayores estudios en cuanto a sus
posibles efectos en el organismo. No obstante, estos metabolitos secundarios
de líquenes presentan una oportunidad de investigación prometedora para
encontrar nuevas moléculas farmacéuticas.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms between fungi and algae, or also between fungi and cyanobacteria, that are found around the world in different environments. Numerous secondary metabolites have been discovered in different species of lichens throughout the years, which have raised interest in the pharmaceutical community, mainly for their many biological activities that have been described. However, beyond the obtained results in experimental studies, their exact mechanism of action are unknown, as well as their potential as molecules of pharmacological interest. The main objective of this work is to analyze the biological activities of lichen secondary metabolites, which specific objectives such as identifying lichen species of biological interest, both native and nonnative, and to identify their metabolites and their possible mechanism of action. The methodology consist in the realization of a bibliographic review of different scientific articles, in order to recompile all necessary information about the biological activities of secondary metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used, and the most recent studies were prioritized, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies that have demonstrated the biological activities of these metabolites. The biological activities of a total of 28 secondary metabolites were described, mainly consisting in anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most remarkable metabolites were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid; with the first metabolite having far more studies, alongside with toxicological and pharmacologic studies. Despite the described biological activities, the bases to consider exerting clinical studies with these metabolites are scares; therefore, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible effects on the body. Nonetheless, these lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms between fungi and algae, or also between fungi and cyanobacteria, that are found around the world in different environments. Numerous secondary metabolites have been discovered in different species of lichens throughout the years, which have raised interest in the pharmaceutical community, mainly for their many biological activities that have been described. However, beyond the obtained results in experimental studies, their exact mechanism of action are unknown, as well as their potential as molecules of pharmacological interest. The main objective of this work is to analyze the biological activities of lichen secondary metabolites, which specific objectives such as identifying lichen species of biological interest, both native and nonnative, and to identify their metabolites and their possible mechanism of action. The methodology consist in the realization of a bibliographic review of different scientific articles, in order to recompile all necessary information about the biological activities of secondary metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used, and the most recent studies were prioritized, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies that have demonstrated the biological activities of these metabolites. The biological activities of a total of 28 secondary metabolites were described, mainly consisting in anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most remarkable metabolites were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid; with the first metabolite having far more studies, alongside with toxicological and pharmacologic studies. Despite the described biological activities, the bases to consider exerting clinical studies with these metabolites are scares; therefore, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible effects on the body. Nonetheless, these lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules.
Notas
Seminario (Químico Farmacéutico)
Palabras clave
Líquenes, Análisis, Metabolitos, Farmacología