Análisis de la efectividad de la telemedicina en la atención de personas mayores en la APS : revisión sistemática de la literatura
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Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La atención de salud remota o telemedicina ha cobrado mayor relevancia desde el
confinamiento durante la pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 que afectó a la mayoría de la
población a nivel mundial, convirtiéndose en la principal alternativa a la atención de
salud presencial, cuando ésta implicaba riesgo de contagio. El objetivo de la presente
revisión es analizar la efectividad de la telemedicina en la atención de personas
mayores en el nivel primario de atención de salud. Se realizó una revisión sistemática
de la literatura, incluyendo ensayos clínicos randomizados publicados entre 2017 y
2022, en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL y ScienceDirect. Siete estudios
respondieron total o parcialmente la pregunta de investigación y fueron incluidos en
la revisión, su calidad metodológica fue analizada utilizando la herramienta MMAT.
Los resultados mostraron que las principales herramientas de telemedicina utilizadas
en la atención de adultos mayores son las vías telefónica y videollamada. Pocos
estudios intervinieron sólo población de personas mayores y los parámetros
comparables entre ellos fueron principalmente heterogéneos, sin embargo, se logra
concluir que la telemedicina en la atención de personas mayores no es más efectiva
que la presencial, pero tampoco demostró afectar negativamente la calidad de la
atención. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen la efectividad de la telemedicina en
este grupo poblacional para apoyar la decisión de incorporar esta estrategia en la
atención primaria de salud.
Remote health care or telemedicine has become more relevant since the confinement during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic that affected most of the population worldwide, becoming the main alternative to face-to-face health care, when this entailed the risk of contagion. The aim of this review is to analyze the effectiveness of telemedicine in the care of the elderly at the primary health care level. A systematic review of the literature was performed, including randomized clinical trials published between 2017 and 2022, in PubMed, CINAHL and ScienceDirect databases. Seven studies fully or partially answered the research question and were included in the review, their methodological quality was analyzed using the MMAT tool. The results showed that the main telemedicine tools used in the care of older adults are telephone and video call. Few studies involved only elderly population and the comparable parameters among them were mainly heterogeneous, however, it can be concluded that telemedicine in elderly care is not more effective than face-to-face care, but neither did it prove to negatively affect the quality of care. More studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in this population group to support the decision to incorporate this strategy in primary health care.
Remote health care or telemedicine has become more relevant since the confinement during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic that affected most of the population worldwide, becoming the main alternative to face-to-face health care, when this entailed the risk of contagion. The aim of this review is to analyze the effectiveness of telemedicine in the care of the elderly at the primary health care level. A systematic review of the literature was performed, including randomized clinical trials published between 2017 and 2022, in PubMed, CINAHL and ScienceDirect databases. Seven studies fully or partially answered the research question and were included in the review, their methodological quality was analyzed using the MMAT tool. The results showed that the main telemedicine tools used in the care of older adults are telephone and video call. Few studies involved only elderly population and the comparable parameters among them were mainly heterogeneous, however, it can be concluded that telemedicine in elderly care is not more effective than face-to-face care, but neither did it prove to negatively affect the quality of care. More studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in this population group to support the decision to incorporate this strategy in primary health care.
Notas
Tesina (Magíster en Gestión de Atención Primaria de Salud)
Palabras clave
Telemedicina, Investigaciones, Adultos Mayores, Atención Primaria de la Salud, Revisión Sistemática