Reconocimiento de depredadores residentes para el reptil introducido Geco Mediterráneo (Tarentola mauritanica)
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Fecha
2024
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI), pueden alterar las interacciones tróficas de los ecosistemas, convirtiéndose en una amenaza para la fauna nativa. En el estudio de estos procesos, sin embargo, se ha puesto un mayor énfasis al efecto que las EEI pueden causar sobre presas nativas, pero no en la resistencia que opondrían depredadores nativos sobres EEI. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar depredadores de un lagarto exótico, el geco mediterráneo (Tarentola mauritanica), saurio de hábitos principalmente nocturnos que se ha establecido en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Para ello, se realizó: 1) una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre los depredadores conocidos del geco, 2) una caracterización de la riqueza, abundancia y densidad de los potenciales depredadores (depredadores de lagartos) que habitan en simpatría en la ex Ciudad del Niño, San Miguel y, en este mismo sitio, 3) se buscó identificar depredadores efectivos a través de una aproximación integral de, (i) análisis de desperdicios de potenciales depredadores (heces y egagrópilas), (ii) instalación de cámaras trampa, (iii) prospecciones nocturnas, y (iv) encuestas a la ciudadanía. La revisión bibliográfica permitió identificar 12 casos de depredación sobre T. mauritanica, correspondientes a 12 especies distintas de depredadores. La mayoría pertenecieron a la clase Aves (33,3%), seguido por Mammalia (25,0%), Reptilia (25,0%), Arachnida (8,33%) e Insecta (8,33%). Se identificaron 29 especies animales habitando en simpatría con el geco, siendo 14 (44,83%) potenciales depredadores. Entre los potenciales depredadores de T. mauritanica, las falsas viudas negras (Steatoda triangulosa) fueron las más abundantes, mientras que zorzales (Turdus falcklandii) presentaron la mayor densidad (ind/ha). No se observaron eventos de depredación directa sobre T. mauritanica, pero si evidencia indirecta de consumo sobre un geco. Los resultados de la encuesta señalan a los gatos (Felis catus) como sus enemigos naturales, y a los zorzales como sus depredadores. Tarentola mauritanica, sí tendría depredadores en Chile, siendo los gatos y zorzales señalados como sus principales amenazas. Esta información permite entender más las interacciones tróficas que experimenta el geco en Chile, lo que permitirá realizar un manejo adecuado de su proceso invasor.
Invasive alien species (IAS) can disrupt the trophic interactions of ecosystems, becoming a threat to native fauna. In the study of these events, however, a greater emphasis has been placed on the effect that IASs can cause upon native prey, but not on the resistance that native predators would oppose on IASs. The goal of this study was to identify predators of an exotic lizard, the Mediterranean gecko (Tarentola mauritanica), a saurian with mainly nocturnal habits that has established itself in the city of Santiago de Chile. To do this, we carried out: 1) an exhaustive bibliographic review on the known predators of the gecko, 2) a characterization of the richness, abundance and density of potential predators (lizard predators) that live in sympatry in the former Ciudad del Niño, San Miguel and, in this same site, 3) we sought to identify effective predators through an integral approach of, (i) analysis of waste of potential predators (faeces and pellets), (ii) installation of camera traps, (iii) nocturnal surveillance, and (iv) citizen surveys. The literature review allowed to identify 12 cases of predation on T. mauritanica, corresponding to 12 different species of predators. The majority belonged to the Aves class (33.3%), followed by Mammalia (25.0%), Reptilia (25.0%), Arachnida (8.33%) and Insecta (8.33%). 29 animal species living in sympatry with the gecko were identified, being 14 (44,83%) potential predators. Among the potential predators of T. mauritanica, triangulate cobweb spider (Steatoda triangulosa) was the most abundant, while the austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) presented the highest density (ind/ha). No direct predation events were observed on T. mauritanica, but there was indirect evidence of consumption on a gecko. The results of the survey point to cats (Felis catus) as their natural enemies, and thrushes as their predators. Tarentola mauritanica, if it would have predators in Chile, being cats and thrushes pointed out as its main threats. This information allows us to understand more the trophic interactions that the gecko experiences in Chile, which will allow an adequate management of its invasive process.
Invasive alien species (IAS) can disrupt the trophic interactions of ecosystems, becoming a threat to native fauna. In the study of these events, however, a greater emphasis has been placed on the effect that IASs can cause upon native prey, but not on the resistance that native predators would oppose on IASs. The goal of this study was to identify predators of an exotic lizard, the Mediterranean gecko (Tarentola mauritanica), a saurian with mainly nocturnal habits that has established itself in the city of Santiago de Chile. To do this, we carried out: 1) an exhaustive bibliographic review on the known predators of the gecko, 2) a characterization of the richness, abundance and density of potential predators (lizard predators) that live in sympatry in the former Ciudad del Niño, San Miguel and, in this same site, 3) we sought to identify effective predators through an integral approach of, (i) analysis of waste of potential predators (faeces and pellets), (ii) installation of camera traps, (iii) nocturnal surveillance, and (iv) citizen surveys. The literature review allowed to identify 12 cases of predation on T. mauritanica, corresponding to 12 different species of predators. The majority belonged to the Aves class (33.3%), followed by Mammalia (25.0%), Reptilia (25.0%), Arachnida (8.33%) and Insecta (8.33%). 29 animal species living in sympatry with the gecko were identified, being 14 (44,83%) potential predators. Among the potential predators of T. mauritanica, triangulate cobweb spider (Steatoda triangulosa) was the most abundant, while the austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) presented the highest density (ind/ha). No direct predation events were observed on T. mauritanica, but there was indirect evidence of consumption on a gecko. The results of the survey point to cats (Felis catus) as their natural enemies, and thrushes as their predators. Tarentola mauritanica, if it would have predators in Chile, being cats and thrushes pointed out as its main threats. This information allows us to understand more the trophic interactions that the gecko experiences in Chile, which will allow an adequate management of its invasive process.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Animales Introducidos, Organismos Introducidos, Reptiles, Tarentola Mauritanica, Control, Animales Depredadores, Investigaciones, Chile.